WordNet
- a workplace for testing new equipment or ideas
- throw to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage
- a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) (同)earth
- (art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
- a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle); "they gained ground step by step"; "they fought to regain the lost ground"
- a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
- hit or reach the ground (同)run aground
- bring to the ground; "the storm grounded the ship" (同)strand, run aground
- confine or restrict to the ground; "After the accident, they grounded the plane and the pilot"
- connect to a ground; "ground the electrical connections for safety reasons"
- hit a groundball; "he grounded to the second baseman"
- hit onto the ground
- instruct someone in the fundamentals of a subject
- place or put on the ground
- a tract of land cleared for some special purposes (recreation or burial etc.)
- dregs consisting of solid particles (especially of coffee) that form a residue; "it is a Middle Eastern custom to read your future in your coffee grounds"
- fastening electrical equipment to earth (同)earthing
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉《the~》『地面』,地表 / 〈U〉『土』,土壌;『土地』 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(特定の目的のための)『場所』 / 《複数形で》(建物の回りの)『庭』,庭園;『構内』,屋敷 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『根拠』(basis),理由(reason) / 〈U〉(確保すべき)立場,意見;地歩 / 〈U〉(研究などの)分野,範囲;話題,問題 / 〈C〉(図案・塗りなどの)下地 / 〈U〉海底,水底 / 《複数形で》(コーヒーなどの)おり,かす / 〈U〉《米》(電気装置の)アース / …‘を'地上に置く / (…に)〈主義・信念など〉‘を'基づかせる,立脚させる《+名+on+名(doing)》 / 〈人〉‘に'(…の)基礎(初歩)を教え込む《+名+in+名》 / 〈飛行機〉‘を'離陸させない / 〈人〉‘を'飛行勤務をやめさせる,地上勤務にする / 〈船〉‘を'座礁させる / 《米》〈電線など〉‘を'接地する,アースする(《英》earth) / 〈物が〉地面に落ちる(届く〉 / 〈船が〉座礁する / (野球で)ゴロを打つ
- grindの過去・過去分詞 / 粉にした,ひいた / すった,磨いた
- (…の)基礎教育,基礎学習,基礎訓練《+in+名》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/07/21 08:20:45」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For other uses, see Proving ground (disambiguation).
| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
A proving ground (US), training area (Australia, Ireland, UK) or training centre (Canada) is a military installation or reservation where weapons or other military technology are experimented with or are tested, or where military tactics are tested.
While these types of facilities are usually military or government establishments, some civilian industries have their own proving grounds for testing prototypes and new technologies.
Contents
- 1 Military and Government
- 1.1 Asia
- 1.2 Australasia
- 1.3 Europe
- 1.3.1 Austria
- 1.3.2 Czech Republic
- 1.3.3 Finland
- 1.3.4 Germany
- 1.3.5 Ireland
- 1.3.6 Italy
- 1.3.7 Poland
- 1.3.8 Portugal
- 1.3.9 United Kingdom
- 1.4 Russia/former Soviet Union
- 1.5 North America
- 1.5.1 Canada
- 1.5.2 United States
- 2 Civilian Facilities
- 2.1 Automakers
- 2.2 Other automotive
- 3 Footnotes
- 4 Further reading
- 5 External links
Military and Government
Asia
Republic of Korea
- Anheung Proving Ground, Taean County (36.680° 126.200°).[1][2]
Australasia
Australia
- (Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area) Shoalwater Bay, Queensland (4545 km2)
Europe
Austria
- Allentsteig, Lower Austria (157 km2), largest training area in Austria
- Bruckneudorf, Lower Austria
- Glainach, Carinthia[citation needed]
- Großmittel, Lower Austria[citation needed]
- Hochfilzen, Tyrol[citation needed]
- Marwiesen, Carinthia[citation needed]
- Lizum-Walchen, Tyrol (50 km2)
- Pöls, Styria.[citation needed]
- Seetaler Alpen, Styria[citation needed]
Czech Republic
Military Area Boletice, Czech Republic
Main article: Unincorporated Areas of the Czech Republic
There are five proving grounds in the Czech Republic with the total area of 1296 km2.
Finland
- Rovajärvi proving ground near Rovaniemi in Lapland is the largest proving ground in Northern Europe.
- The Artillery Brigade in Niinisalo, currently houses the Finnish ordnance R&D center (established 1921).
Germany
- Bergen-Hohne Training Area, Lower Saxony (284 km2), NATO facility, largest training area in Germany.
- Grafenwöhr, Bavaria (229 km2) a US facility
- Hammelburg, Bavaria (40 km2). Hammelburg features a complete artificial village for training purposes of the German Army
- Hohenfels, Bavaria (160 km2)
- Heuberg Training Area, Baden-Württemberg.
- Munster Training Area, Lower Saxony.
- Sennelager Training Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, managed by the British Army.
Ireland
- Glen of Imaal (27 km2), an Irish Army artillery, live fire and tactical training area.
Italy
- Salto di Quirra (120 km2), an Italian interforce proving ground located on Sardinia.[3]
Poland
- Drawsko Pomorskie (340 km2) belongs to the Polish Army and Air Force (since 1946), and has also been used by NATO since 1996. This facility is internationally known as DPTA - Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area. It is also an important site of archeological excavations.
- Ośrodek Szkolenia Poligonowego Wojsk Lądowych Żagań (about 34,000 ha) in Żagań County and Bolesławiec County; belongs to Polish Land Forces also used by NATO[citation needed]
Portugal
- Alcochete (75 km2) - artillery and air bombing range. Established in 1904, it was managed by the Portuguese Army until 1993 and since then is managed by the Portuguese Air Force. It is the largest closed military facility in Europe. In 2008, it was chosen to be the site of the future New Lisbon International Airport.
United Kingdom
- Salisbury Plain Training Area, United Kingdom (380 km2)
- Stanford Training Area (STANTA), Norfolk United Kingdom 120 km2) - established 1942, includes an "Afghan" village
- Otterburn Training Area, Northumberland, United Kingdom (242 km2)
Russia/former Soviet Union
In Russia a designated area is usually called a "polygon" (Полигон).
- Kapustin Yar - aerial weapons/rocket test range, North Caucasus Military District
- Totskoye range nuclear tests - test range in the Urals where nuclear tests were carried out in 1954
- YakutiaChallenge - winter test proving ground in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia[citation needed]
North America
Canada
- CFB Suffield, Alberta (2690 km2) - training base for Canadian Forces and British Army
- Canadian Forces Base Wainwright, Alberta (609 km2) - home to Land Force Western Area Training Centre (LFWATC) and the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre (CMTC)
- CFB Shilo, Manitoba (400 km2) - Home Station of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
- Land Force Central Area Training Centre Meaford, Ontario (68 km2) - Training center for the 4th Canadian Division
- Garrison Petawawa, Ontario (307 km2) - home to 2 CMBG and 4th CDSG
- CFB Valcartier, Quebec (28 km2) - home to 5 CMBG
- CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick (1100 km2) - Primary Eastern Canada training area
- Land Force Atlantic Area Training Centre Aldershot, Nova Scotia (11.4 km,2)
United States
In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been designated as Proving Grounds.
- Aberdeen Proving Ground is a United States Army facility located at Aberdeen, Maryland, and is the Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the United States entered World War I. It was created so that design and testing of ordnance materiel could be carried out in proximity to the nation's industrial and shipping centers at the time.
- Dugway Proving Ground in an active facility operated by the United States Army Test and Evaluation Command in the Great Salt Lake Desert of Utah. Dugway's mission is to test U.S. and Allied biological and chemical weapon defense systems.
- Fort Belvoir Proving ground, in Fairfax County, Virginia.
- Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center located in Indian Head, Maryland, at one time called the Indian Head Proving Ground.
- Jefferson Proving Ground located in Madison, Indiana, was principally a munitions testing facility of Test and Evaluation Command of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The facility was ordered closed in 1989 as part of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process.
- Pacific Proving Ground is an inactive U.S. Department of Energy area in the Marshall Islands that were established by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1946 for detonation of nuclear devices for testing weapon design and effects. It mainly consists of Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll & the surrounding area. Deactivated in 1963.
- Sandy Hook Proving Ground, at Sandy Hook, New Jersey was the nation's first such facility. It was created in 1874 and was used as a proving ground until 1919.
- Scituate Proving Ground, a former proving ground in Scituate, Massachusetts, operational from 1918 to 1921.
- Yuma Proving Ground is a United States Army facility situated in southwestern La Paz County and western Yuma County in southwestern Arizona, U.S., approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-east of the city of Yuma. The proving ground is used for testing military equipment and encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2 km²) in the Sonoran Desert.
Civilian Facilities
Automakers
- Chrysler Corporation - See Chrysler Proving Grounds
- Ford Motor Company - See Ford Proving Grounds
- General Motors Corporation - See General Motors Proving Grounds
- Mazda Motors Corporation - See Mazda Proving Grounds
- Nissan Motors - See Nissan Proving Grounds
- Porsche Engineering - Nardò Ring
- VW Group - Ehra-Lessien test track
Other automotive
- fr:UTAC CERAM, France
- Applus IDIADA, Spain
- de:Automotive Testing Papenburg, Germany
- HORIBA MIRA, United Kingdom
- Bruntingthorpe Airfield & Proving Ground, United Kingdom
- Millbrook Proving Ground, United Kingdom
- TRIWO Automotive Testing Center, vehicle testing proving grounds close to Frankfurt and Saarbruecken, Germany[4]
- ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 28, 2017). "Anheung Proving Ground". Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017.
- ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 24, 2017). "South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles. 1/". Twitter. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Poligono Sperimentale e di Addestramento Interforze del Salto di Quirra
- ^ KFZ-Testcenter, Triwo. "Teststrecken-Kalender | Triwo KFZ-Testcenter". www.triwo-testcenter.de (in German). Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Further reading
- Edwin A. Martini (ed.), Proving Grounds: Militarized Landscapes, Weapons Testing, and the Environmental Impact of US Bases. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2015.
External links
- Finnish ordnance center at mil.fi (in Finnish)
- YakutiaChallenge
- Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area
- Otterburn Training Area
Authority control |
- GND: 4186345-8
- NARA: 10664615
|
---|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- On-substrate derivatization for detection of highly volatile G-series chemical warfare agents via paper spray mass spectrometry.
- Mach PM1, Dhummakupt ES1, Carmany DO2, McBride EM1, Busch MW2, Demond PS2, Rizzo GM2, Hollinshead DE3, Glaros T1.
- Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom.2018 Dec 15;32(23):1979-1983. doi: 10.1002/rcm.8276.
- PMID 30153356
- Assessment of mouse strain differences in baseline esterase activities and toxic response to sarin.
- Matson LM1, Lee-Stubbs RB2, Cadieux CL3, Koenig JA4, Ardinger CE5, Chandler J6, Johnson EA7, Hoard-Fruchey HM8, Shih TA9, Cerasoli DM10, McDonough JH11.
- Toxicology.Toxicology.2018 Dec 1;410:10-15. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.016. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
- PMID 30172647
- Mechanics and nanovoid nucleation dynamics: effects of polar functionality in glassy polymer networks.
- Elder RM 1, Long TR , Bain ED , Lenhart JL , Sirk TW .
- Soft matter.Soft Matter.2018 Nov 14;14(44):8895-8911. doi: 10.1039/c8sm01483c.
- PMID 30209509
Japanese Journal
- 制約付き木オートマトンにおける不用な遷移規則の発見法について (ソフトウェアサイエンス)
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 113(489), 31-36, 2014-03-11
- NAID 110009861290
- 体験学習におけるCS評価 : 実証試験路による四輪駆動車走行体験会2013を通した分析
- 中日本自動車短期大学論叢 = Journal of Nakanihon Automotive College (44), 81-85, 2014
- NAID 40020013616
Related Links
- proving ground 性能試験場 【略】PG - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。
- ... possess a magical advantage called talent. At Proving Ground, we believe A-players succeed because they retain the right habits. After all, A-players are human, and humans are creatures of habit. This game Help ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 地上の、地面の。穴を掘る終生の、地上に住む。基本の、基礎の
- 関
- basal、basement、bases、basis、diathesis、diathetic、evidence、foundation、fundus、grounding、predisposition、reason
[★]
- 関
- ground