prospective cohort study

前向きコホート研究

WordNet

1. be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
2. a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
3. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design" (同)work
4. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performers technique; "a study in spiccato bowing"
5. a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
6. someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study"
7. give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving" (同)consider
8. learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now" (同)hit the books
9. think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study" (同)meditate, contemplate
10. provide with or construct with studs; "stud the wall"
11. ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance (as on a vault or shield or belt) (同)rivet
12. poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt (同)stud poker
13. adult male horse kept for breeding (同)studhorse
14. a man who is virile and sexually active (同)he-man, macho-man
15. of or concerned with or related to the future; "prospective earnings"; "a prospective mother"; "a prospective bride"; "the statute is solely prospective in operation"
16. a band of warriors (originally a unit of a Roman Legion)
17. a company of companions or supporters
18. small salmon of northern Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes (同)cohoe, coho_salmon, blue jack, silver_salmon, Oncorhynchus_kisutch

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(一般に)『勉強』,学習すること / 〈C〉(…の)勉強,研究《+of+名》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…の)『綿密な調査』,検討《+of+名》 / 〈C〉研究対象(問題,事項);学科 / 〈C〉『書斎』,勉強部屋 / 〈C〉(美術・文学などの)習作,試作,スケッチ,(音楽の)練習曲,エチュード / …‘を'『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する / …‘を'『よく注意して見る』,しげしげと見る / …‘を'『調査する』,検討する / …‘を'考慮する,配慮する / 〈せりふなど〉‘を'覚えようとする / 『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する
2. 《おもに米》種馬 / 《集合的に》(一群の)繁殖用動物(種馬,種牛など)
3. (インテリアなどに用いる)飾りびょう / カフスボタン,カラーボタン / (建物の)間柱 / (…を)…‘に'ちりばめる《+名+with+名》 / …‘に'点在(散在)している / …‘に'間柱をつける
4. 未来の,将来の / 予想される,見込みのある
5. (古代ローマの)歩兵隊(1隊が300‐600人で,10隊で1軍団(legion)となる) / 群,グループ,一団 / 《米》(悪い意味で)仲間,兄弟分

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/05 04:55:49」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses of "prospective", see Prospective (disambiguation).

A prospective cohort study is a cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome. For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits, to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then nonsmokers.

The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders. The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time that the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information, none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest. After baseline information is collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed "longitudinally," i.e. over a period of time, usually for years, to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes. In this way, investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes. For example, one could identify smokers and non-smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease. Alternatively, one could group subjects based on their body mass index (BMI) and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in the hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies and can be more expensive than a case–control study.

One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized.

Examples

• Caerphilly Heart Disease Study, UK.
• Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging / Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (CLSA-ÉLCV)
• The CARTaGENE cohort / Quebec's largest prospective study , Quebec, Canada
• Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, the Philippines
• Framingham Heart Study, USA.
• Rotterdam Study, Netherlands.
• Tsimane’ Amazonian Panel Study, Bolivia
• The UK biobank , UK

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the U.S. National Cancer Institute document "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Can we predict retention in longitudinal studies of substance use? Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study.

• Marel C1, Mills K2, Darke S3, Ross J2, Burns L3, Teesson M2.
• Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Dec;51:38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
• BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies are often threatened by difficulties with sample attrition, high rates of which threaten the validity of study findings. The present study examined methodological and participant characteristics associated with sample retention in the Australian Treatment Outcome Stu
• PMID 26210911

• Smoking cessation behaviors three months following acute insular damage from stroke.

• Abdolahi A1, Williams GC2, Benesch CG3, Wang HZ4, Spitzer EM5, Scott BE5, Block RC6, van Wijngaarden E6.
• Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Dec;51:24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
• BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that the insular cortex may play an important role in cognitive and emotional processes that facilitate drug use but it is unclear whether changes to the insula would result in sustained abstinence. To better understand the role of the insula in maintaining absti
• PMID 26188468

• Impact of binge alcohol on mortality among people who inject drugs.

• Johnson C1, Dong H1, Ahamad K2, Hayashi K3, Milloy MJ3, Kerr T3, Wood E3.
• Addictive behaviors reports.Addict Behav Rep.2015 Dec 1;2:28-32.
• INTRODUCTION: While the impacts of illicit drug use on mortality have been well described, the impact of poly-substance that includes alcohol has received less attention. We examined the impact of binge alcohol use on mortality among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Canadian setting.M
• PMID 26097893

Japanese Journal

• 勤労者のメタボリックシンドロームと抑うつ : 勤労者を対象とした２コホート研究

• 本田 貴紀,岸本 裕歩,山下 幸子,熊谷 秋三,Honda Takanori,Kishimoto Hiro,Yamashita Sachiko,Kumagai Shuzo,ホンダ タカノリ,キシモト ヒロ,ヤマシタ サチコ,クマガイ シュウゾウ
• 健康科学 35, 33-43, 2013-03-29
• … Both CRC Study and Ryobi Study have been carried out for investigating the influence of physical, psycho-behavioral socioeconomic factors on the vicious cycle of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms in Japanese workers. … The aim of this paper was to describe the protocols of these cohort studies and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms from the baseline data. …
• NAID 120005315170

• The PREDICTIVE^<TM> Study : a multinational, prospective observational study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir treatment in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes-data from the Japan cohort

• NAMBA Mitsuyoshi,KAKU Kohei,YOSHIOKA Narihito,YAMADA Yuichiro,WATADA Hirotaka,UEKI Kohjiro,TERAUCHI Yasuo,TOBE Kazuyuki,ARAKI Eiichi,SHUTO Yujin,KADOWAKI Takashi
• Diabetology international 3(1), 11-20, 2013-03-01
• NAID 10030925712

• Study protocol of the B-CAST study: a multicenter, prospective cohort study investigating the tumor biomarkers in adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer

• Ishiguro Megumi,Kotake Kenjiro,Nishimura Genichi,Tomita Naohiro,Ichikawa Wataru,Takahashi Keiichi,Watanabe Toshiaki,Furuhata Tomohisa,Kondo Ken,Mori Masaki,Kakeji Yoshihiro,Kanazawa Akiyoshi,Kobayashi Michiya,Okajima Masazumi,Hyodo Ichinosuke,Miyakoda Keiko,Sugihara Kenichi,兵頭 一之介
• BMC cancer 13, 149, 2013-03-00
• … Although efficacy prediction of 5-FU derivatives using expression of 5-FU activation/metabolism enzymes in tumors has been studied, it has not been clinically applied.Methods/designThe B-CAST study is a multicenter, prospective cohort study aimed to identify the patients who benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy with each 5-FU regimen, through evaluating the relationship between tumor biomarker expression and treatment outcome. …
• NAID 120005246958

Related Links

• 前向きコホート研究（prospective cohort study）

前向きコホート研究（前向き研究） 前向きコホート研究（prospective cohort study） 単に、 「前向き研究(prospective study)」 「プロスペクティブ・スタディ」 と呼ばれることもあります。 最初に健康な人の生活習慣（喫煙・飲酒・食生活）など

• Prospective versus Retrospective Studies - SPH | Boston ...

There are two fundamental types of cohort studies based on when and how the subjects are enrolled into the study: Prospective Cohort Studies: In prospective cohort studies the investigators conceive and design the study, recruit ...

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「study」「prospective」「stud」「cohort」

「study」

　　[★]

• n.

• 研究、勉学、学習
• (～の)研究、学問。[-ies](従事している)研究、学業(in,on,of,into)
• 慎重な調査、詳細な検討
• 研究対象/研究題目。研究論文、論考。[-ies]学科
• (～に関して)研究に値するもの、見もの、(～の)具体例(in)
• 書斎、勉強部屋、研究室

• vt.
• vi.

関

examine、exploration、explore、inquire、inquiry、investigate、investigation、investigational、investigative、laboratory research、probing、research、scan、surveillance、survey、work

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「prospective」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 予想される、将来の、～になる予定の。見込みの(ある)。(法律など)将来に関する
• 先見の明がある
• (臨床試験)前向きな、プロスペクティブな

関

destine、expect、expectancy、expectant、expectation、future、hereafter、in future、plan、predetermine、schedule

　 　

「stud」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 繁殖用の

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「cohort」

　　[★]

コホート、同齢集団