関: erythroblast、normoblast、nucleated erythrocyte、proerythroblast

WordNet

a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/29 23:38:39」(JST)

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A proerythroblast (or rubriblast, or pronormoblast) is the earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast.

In histology, it is very difficult to distinguish it from the other "-blast" cells (lymphoblast, myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast). The cytoplasm is blue in an H&E stain, indicating that it is basophilic.

Proerythroblasts arise from the CFU-e (colony-forming unit erythroid) cells, and give rise to basophilic erythroblasts. In the mouse, proerythroblasts are large committed progenitors that express high levels of transferrin receptor (iron acquisition receptor), the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), some c-Kit (stem cell factor receptor), and are Ter119 (cell surface molecule)-positive. Their proliferative capacity is more limited compared to the preceding stage, the CFU-e.

In vivo, starting with the proerythroblast stage, erythroid cells undergo several more cell divisions while at the same time upregulating survival genes such as Bcl-xL, acquiring and storing large amounts of iron, ramping up the synthesis of hemoglobin and other erythroid genes (in large part a GATA-1 dependent process that is augmented by the EpoR signaling) and decreasing in cell size, eventually removing their nuclei and being released into the bloodstream as a reticulocyte.

"Pronormoblast" vs. "proerythroblast"

Some sources consider the terms "pronormoblast" and "proerythroblast" to be synonyms.^[1] However, other sources^[2] consider "proerythroblast" to be a parent term, divided into the following two categories:

"pronormoblast" - normal development
"promegaloblast" - abnormal development

References

^ Pronormoblast at eMedicine Dictionary
^ Proerythroblast, Dorland's Medical Dictionary

External links

BU Histology Learning System: 01804loa - "Bone Marrow and Hemopoiesis: bone marrow smear, erythroblast series with proerythroblast"
Histology at OU 75_11
Histology at KUMC blood-blood04
Image and description at purdue.edu
Histology of "promegaloblast" at marist.edu (pernicious anemia)
Interactive image at usuarios.lycos.es
Overview at temple.edu

UpToDate Contents

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1. 急性骨髄性白血病の分類 classification of acute myeloid leukemia

English Journal

Early Embryonic Erythropoiesis … Not so Primitive After All.

Baron MH.SourceDepartments of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. margaret.baron@mssm.edu.
Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio).Stem Cells.2013 Jan 29. doi: 10.1002/stem.1342. [Epub ahead of print]
In the developing embryo, hematopoiesis begins with the formation of primitive erythroid cells (EryP), a distinct and transient red blood cell lineage. EryP play a vital role in oxygen delivery and in generating shear forces necessary for normal vascular development. Progenitors for EryP arise as a
PMID 23361843

Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway by L-leucine in 5q- syndrome and other RPS14-deficient erythroblasts.

Yip BH, Vuppusetty C, Attwood M, Giagounidis A, Germing U, Lamikanra AA, Roberts DJ, Maciejewski JP, Vandenberghe P, Mecucci C, Wainscoat JS, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J.SourceNuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Leukemia : official journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K.Leukemia.2013 Jan 22. doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 23337929

Erythropoietin-directed erythropoiesis depends on serpin inhibition of erythroblast lysosomal cathepsins.

Dev A, Byrne SM, Verma R, Ashton-Rickardt PG, Wojchowski DM.SourceCenter of Excellence in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (COBRE), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074.
The Journal of experimental medicine.J Exp Med.2013 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its cell surface receptor (EPOR) are essential for red blood cell production and exert important cytoprotective effects on select vascular, immune, and cancer cells. To discover novel EPO action modes, we profiled the transcriptome of primary erythroid progenitors. We report
PMID 23319700

Japanese Journal

Quantitative Studies on the Effects of Radiophosphorus (P-32) on Bone Marrow of Swiss Albino Mice during Postnatal Development

KUMAR ASHOK,SRIVASTAVA P.N.
Journal of Radiation Research 18(4), 280-292, 1977-11
… Animals were autopsied at weekly intervals upto six weeks and quantitative study of pronormoblast, normoblast, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts have been made. …
NAID 110002325717