WordNet

the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine; usually a symptom of kidney disorder (同)proteinuria

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Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury.

Belcher JM1, Sanyal AJ, Peixoto AJ, Perazella MA, Lim J, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Ansari N, Coca SG, Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR; TRIBE-AKI Consortium.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.).Hepatology.2014 Aug;60(2):622-32. doi: 10.1002/hep.26980. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with cirrhosis and associated with significant mortality. The most common etiologies of AKI in this setting are prerenal azotemia (PRA), acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Accurately distinguishing the etiology of AKI is crit
PMID 24375576

Doi K1, Katagiri D, Negishi K, Hasegawa S, Hamasaki Y, Fujita T, Matsubara T, Ishii T, Yahagi N, Sugaya T, Noiri E.
Kidney international.Kidney Int.2012 Nov;82(10):1114-20. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.266. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
Prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) is thought to be a reversible loss of renal function without structural damage. Although prerenal and intrinsic AKI frequently coexist in clinical situations, serum creatinine and urine output provide no information to support their differentiation. Recently develo
PMID 22854644

Rupprecht HD1.
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin.MMW Fortschr Med.2004 Oct 21;146(43):41-5.
Normally, protein secretion in the urine is less than 150 mg/day or less than 100 mg/g creatinine. Orthostatic proteinuria, proteinuria in the presence of fever, and effort proteinuria are benign forms. In cases of persistent proteinuria, prerenal or overflow proteinuria are distinguished from renal
PMID 15559519

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