関: preoptic nuclei

WordNet

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

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中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/03 00:12:29」(JST)

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1. 性腺刺激ホルモン（ゴナドトロピン）放出ホルモンの生理学 physiology of gonadotropin releasing hormone
2. 成人における重度非労作性高熱（古典的熱中症） severe nonexertional hyperthermia classic heat stroke in adults
3. 思春期および成人における労作性熱中症：疫学、体温調節、危険因子、および診断 exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults epidemiology thermoregulation risk factors and diagnosis
4. 小児における熱射病 heat stroke in children
5. 睡眠の質および睡眠の構造に対する薬剤の効果 the effects of medications on sleep quality and sleep architecture

English Journal

The α1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin enhances sleep continuity in fear-conditioned Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Laitman BM1, Gajewski ND2, Mann GL2, Kubin L2, Morrison AR2, Ross RJ3.Author information 1Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: benjamin.laitman@mssm.edu.2Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.3Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.AbstractFragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is well described in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and likely has significant functional consequences. Fear-conditioned rodents may offer an attractive model of the changes in sleep that characterize PTSD. Following fear conditioning (FC), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, a strain known to be particularly stress-sensitive, have increased REMS fragmentation that can be quantified as a shift in the distribution of REMS episodes towards the more frequent occurrence of sequential REMS (inter-REMS episode interval≤3 min) vs. single REMS (interval>3 min). The α1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin has demonstrated efficacy in normalizing sleep in PTSD. To determine the utility of fear-conditioned WKY rats as a model of sleep disturbances typical of PTSD and as a platform for the development of new treatments, we tested the hypothesis that prazosin would reduce REMS fragmentation in fear-conditioned WKY rats. Sleep parameters and freezing (a standard measure of anxiety in rodents) were quantified at baseline and on Days 1, 7, and 14 following FC, with either prazosin (0.01mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle injections administered prior to testing in a between-group design. Fear conditioning was achieved by pairing tones with a mild electric foot shock (1.0mA, 0.5s). One, 7, and 14 days following FC, prazosin or vehicle was injected, the tone was presented, freezing was measured, and then sleep was recorded from 11 AM to 3 PM. WKY rats given prazosin, compared to those given vehicle, had a lower amount of seq-REMS relative to total REMS time 14 days after FC. They also had a shorter non-REMS latency and fewer non-REMS arousals at baseline and on Days 1 and 7 after FC. Thus, in FC rats, prazosin reduced both REMS fragmentation and non-REMS discontinuity.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2014 Mar 3;49:7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
Fragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is well described in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and likely has significant functional consequences. Fear-conditioned rodents may offer an attractive model of the changes in sleep that characterize PTSD. Following fear condit
PMID 24246572

Neuroscience-driven discovery and development of sleep therapeutics.

Dresler M1, Spoormaker VI1, Beitinger P1, Czisch M1, Kimura M1, Steiger A1, Holsboer F2.Author information 1Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.2Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: holsboer@mpipsykl.mpg.de.AbstractUntil recently, neuroscience has given sleep research and discovery of better treatments of sleep disturbances little attention, despite the fact that disturbed sleep has overwhelming impact on human health. Sleep is a complex phenomenon in which specific psychological, electrophysiological, neurochemical, endocrinological, immunological and genetic factors are involved. The brain as both the generator and main object of sleep is obviously of particular interest, which makes a neuroscience-driven view the most promising approach to evaluate clinical implications and applications of sleep research. Polysomnography as the gold standard of sleep research, complemented by brain imaging, neuroendocrine testing, genomics and other laboratory measures can help to create composite biomarkers that allow maximizing the effects of individualized therapies while minimizing adverse effects. Here we review the current state of the neuroscience of sleep, sleep disorders and sleep therapeutics and will give some leads to promote the discovery and development of sleep medicines that are better than those we have today.
Pharmacology & therapeutics.Pharmacol Ther.2014 Mar;141(3):300-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.012. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
Until recently, neuroscience has given sleep research and discovery of better treatments of sleep disturbances little attention, despite the fact that disturbed sleep has overwhelming impact on human health. Sleep is a complex phenomenon in which specific psychological, electrophysiological, neuroch
PMID 24189488

Single unit activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and surrounding neurons during the wake-sleep cycle in mice.

Sakai K.Author information Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France. Electronic address: sakai@univ-lyon1.fr.AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms, such as the cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Using extracellular single unit recordings, we have determined, for the first time, the discharge activity of individual SCN neurons during the complete wake-sleep cycle in non-anesthetized, head restrained mice. SCN neurons (n=79) were divided into three types according to their regular (type I; n=38) or irregular (type II; n=19) discharge activity throughout the wake-sleep cycle or their quiescent activity during waking and irregular discharge activity during sleep (type III; n=22). The type I and II neurons displayed a long-duration action potential, while the type III neurons displayed either a short-duration or long-duration action potential. The type I neurons discharged exclusively as single isolated spikes, whereas the type II and III neurons fired as single isolated spikes, clusters, or bursts. The type I and II neurons showed wake-active, wake/paradoxical (or rapid eye movement) sleep-active, or state-unrelated activity profiles and were, respectively, mainly located in the ventral or dorsal region of the SCN. In contrast, the type III neurons displayed sleep-active discharge profiles and were mainly located in the lateral region of the SCN. The majority of type I and II neurons tested showed an increase in discharge rate following application of light to the animal's eyes. Of the 289 extra-SCN neurons recorded, those displaying sleep-active discharge profiles were mainly located dorsal to the SCN, whereas those displaying wake-active discharge profiles were mainly located lateral or dorsolateral to the SCN. This study shows heterogeneity of mouse SCN and surrounding anterior hypothalamic neurons and suggests differences in their topographic organization and roles in mammalian circadian rhythms and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Feb 28;260:249-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.020. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms, such as the cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Using extracellular single unit recordings, we have determined, for the first time, the discharge
PMID 24355494

Japanese Journal

プロスタグランジンDとアデノシンによる睡眠調節 (特集睡眠と覚醒の脳内機構)

永田奈々恵,裏出良博
Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 64(6), 621-628, 2012-06
NAID 40019344209

Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever.

Nakamura Kazuhiro
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 301(5), R1207-R1228, 2011-09
… To defend thermal homeostasis from environmental thermal challenges, feedforward thermosensory information on environmental temperature sensed by skin thermoreceptors ascends through the spinal cord and lateral parabrachial nucleus to the preoptic area (POA). …
NAID 120003573882