WordNet

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19
a salt or ester of citric acid
cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid

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ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)
クエン酸塩

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/03 02:11:59」(JST)

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Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula C₆H₅K₃O₇. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.3% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.

As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.

Production

Potassium citrate is produced by adding potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases, filtering the solution and evaporating to granulation.

Uses

Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine.^[2] Since it is an alkaline salt it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine.^[3] It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.

Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout^[4] and arrhythmia^{[medical citation needed]}, if the patient is hypokalemic.

It is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones) and is often used by patients with cystinuria.^{[medical citation needed]} A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year.

It is also used as an alkanizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.^[5]

A brand, Cytra-K Oral Solution, diluted with a glassful of water, taken four times a day will usually maintain a urinary pH of 7.0-7.6 throughout most of the 24 hours without unpleasant side effects.

It is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.

Administration

Potassium citrate is usually administered by mouth in dilute aqueous solution. This is because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards.

In the United-States, in states where non-prescription potassium citrate is legal, the maximum allowable over-the-counter (OTC) dose for elemental potassium is regulated by the FDA to be no more than 100 mg (approximately 3% of the daily allowance).^{[citation needed]} Pure potassium citrate contains 38.28% potassium.

References

^ ^a ^b Environmental Health & Safety MSDS Number:P5675
^ Medscape on hypocitraturia
^ Potassium Citrate for Kidney Stones
^ Potassium Citrate
^ "Potassium citrate for cystitis". patient.info.

External links

Tanner, G.A. "Potassium citrate improves renal function in rats with polycystic kidney disease". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Retrieved December 17, 2016.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における再発性カルシウム結石の予防 prevention of recurrent calcium stones in adults
2. 尿細管性アシドーシスにおける腎結石症 nephrolithiasis in renal tubular acidosis
3. 遠位（I型）および近位（II型）尿細管性アシドーシスの治療 treatment of distal type 1 and proximal type 2 renal tubular acidosis
4. カリウムと高血圧 potassium and hypertension
5. 成人における低カリウム血症の臨床症状および治療 clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia in adults

English Journal

Evaluation of acid-base control, electrolyte balance, and filter patency of a Prismaflexbased regional citrate anticoagulation protocol for pre-dilution continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration.

Khadzhynov D1, Slowinski T, Lieker I, Neumayer HH, Peters H.
Clinical nephrology.Clin Nephrol.2014 May;81(5):320-30.
Background: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is increasingly used in patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This study evaluated a new RCA protocol based on the Prismaflex® dialysis device and an isotonic citrate solution (prismocitrate) for pre-dilution continous ven
PMID 24780554

Hepatic encephalopathy: how to test and treat.

Rahimi RS1, Rockey DC.
Current opinion in gastroenterology.Curr Opin Gastroenterol.2014 May;30(3):265-71. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000066.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hepatic encephalopathy causes significant cognitive impairment and morbidity in patients with cirrhosis; however, hepatic encephalopathy is considered a reversible syndrome once recognized clinically. Although hepatic encephalopathy is not a single clinical entity, the pathophysio
PMID 24717765

Japanese Journal

Extraction of 2,3-Butanediol with Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Formed by Water-Miscible Organic Solvents and Inorganic Salts

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan 21(2), 181-190, 2014
NAID 130004669676

生体腎移植後,著明な高尿酸血症と急性腎障害を呈した1例

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(2), 103-106, 2013-02
NAID 120005244236

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リンク元	「クエン酸カリウム」

「クエン酸カリウム」

Potassium citrate
Names
	IUPAC name tripotassium citrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	866-84-2
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200458
ChemSpider	12775
ECHA InfoCard	100.127.864
E number	E332 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem	13344
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3K/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3+1/p-3 Key: QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/C6H8O7.3K/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3+1/p-3 Key: QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-DFZHHIFOAD ;
	SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].O=C([O-])CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(=O)[O-] ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H5K3O7
Molar mass	306.395 g/mol
Appearance	white powder; hygroscopic
Odor	odorless
Density	1.98 g/cm3
Melting point	180 °C (356 °F; 453 K)
Boiling point	230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
Solubility in water	soluble
Solubility	soluble in glycerin; insoluble in ethanol (95%)
Acidity (pKa)	8.5
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12BA02 (WHO)
Hazards
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	170 mg/kg (IV, dog)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

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英: potassium citrate
関: クエン酸ガリウム

[MSDS-1] Environmental Health & Safety MSDS Number:P5675

[2] Medscape on hypocitraturia

[3] Potassium Citrate for Kidney Stones

[4] Potassium Citrate

[5] "Potassium citrate for cystitis". patient.info.

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potassium citrate