陽性変時

WordNet

reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion; "positive increase in graduating students"
a film showing a photographic image whose tones correspond to those of the original subject
the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution (同)positive degree
indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen; "a positive pregnancy test" (同)confirming
having a positive charge; "protons are positive" (同)electropositive, positively charged
formally laid down or imposed; "positive laws" (同)prescribed
characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.; "a positive attitude"; "the reviews were all positive"; "a positive benefit"; "a positive demand"
greater than zero; "positive numbers"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『肯定した,同意の』 / 『実際的な,』積極的な,建設的な / 《補語にのみ用いて》『確信のある』,自信のある / (事が)疑問の余地がない,明確な;(言葉が)はっきりした / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《話》全くの,文字どおりの / (生体の反応が)陽性の / (数が)正の,プラスの;(気電が)陽の;(写真で)陽画の / (形容詞・副詞の比較変化で)原級の / 明確(明白)なもの / (形容詞・副詞の)原級 / (写真の)陽画,ポジ / (数学で)正数

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1. Stress testing to determine prognosis of coronary heart disease
2. 最適な心臓負荷試験の選択 selecting the optimal cardiac stress test
3. 肥大型心筋症の臨床症状、診断、および評価 clinical manifestations diagnosis and evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
4. Sick sinus syndrome: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation
5. 先天性心疾患における心房性不整脈（房室ブロックを含む） atrial arrhythmias including av block in congenital heart disease

English Journal

Pharmacological and genetic identification of serotonin receptor subtypes on Drosophila larval heart and aorta.

Majeed ZR, Stacy A, Cooper RL.Author information Department of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA, zana.majeed@uky.edu.AbstractSerotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), plays various roles in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies have shown that 5-HT modulates the heart rate in third instar larvae. However, the receptor subtypes that mediate 5-HT action in larval cardiac tissue had yet to be determined. In this study, various 5-HT agonists and antagonists were employed to determine which 5-HT receptor subtypes are responsible for the positive chronotropic effect by 5-HT. The pharmacological results demonstrate that a 5-HT2B agonist significantly increases the heart rate; however, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT7 agonists do not have a significant effect on the heart rate. Furthermore, 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, markedly reduces the positive chronotropic effect of 5-HT in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, we employed genetic approaches to confirm the pharmacological results. For this purpose, we used RNA interference line to knock down 5-HT2ADro and also used 5-HT2ADro and 5-HT2BDro insertional mutation lines. The results show that 5-HT2ADro or 5-HT2BDro receptor mutations reduce the response of the heart to 5-HT. Given these results, we conclude that these 5-HT2 receptor subtypes are involved in the action of 5-HT on the heart rate in the larval stage.
Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology.J Comp Physiol B.2013 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]
Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), plays various roles in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies have shown that 5-HT modulates the heart rate in third instar larvae. However, the receptor subtypes that mediate 5-HT action in larval cardiac tissue had yet to be determined. In t
PMID 24370737

Modeling of Friedreich ataxia-related iron overloading cardiomyopathy using patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cells.

Lee YK, Ho PW, Schick R, Lau YM, Lai WH, Zhou T, Li Y, Ng KM, Ho SL, Esteban MA, Binah O, Tse HF, Siu CW.Author information Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is due to GAA repeat expansions within the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene encoding the mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. The triplet codon repeats lead to heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing and loss of frataxin. Nevertheless, inadequacy of existing FRDA-cardiac cellular models limited cardiomyopathy studies. We tested the hypothesis that iron homeostasis deregulation accelerates reduction in energy synthesis dynamics which contributes to impaired cardiac calcium homeostasis and contractile force. Silencing of FXN expressions occurred both in somatic FRDA-skin fibroblasts and two of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) clones; a sign of stress condition was shown in FRDA-iPSC cardiomyocytes with disorganized mitochondrial network and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion; hypertrophic cardiac stress responses were observed by an increase in α-actinin-positive cell sizes revealed by FACS analysis as well as elevation in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression; the intracellular iron accumulated in FRDA cardiomyocytes might be due to attenuated negative feedback response of transferring receptor (TSFR) expression and positive feedback response of ferritin (FTH1); energy synthesis dynamics, in terms of ATP production rate, was impaired in FRDA-iPSC cardiomyocytes, which were prone to iron overload condition. Energetic insufficiency determined slower Ca2+ transients by retarding calcium reuptake to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and impaired the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to adrenergic stimulation. Our data showed for the first time that FRDA-iPSCs cardiac derivatives represent promising models to study cardiac stress response due to impaired iron homeostasis condition and mitochondrial damages. The cardiomyopathy phenotype was accelerated in an iron-overloaded condition early in calcium homeostasis aspect.
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology.Pflugers Arch.2013 Dec 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is due to GAA repeat expansions within the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene encoding the mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. The triplet codon
PMID 24327207

5-HT stimulation of heart rate in Drosophila does not act through cAMP as revealed by pharmacogenetics.

Majeed ZR, Nichols CD, Cooper RL.Author information Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;AbstractThe fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a good experimental organism to study the underlying mechanism of heart rate (HR) regulation. It is already known that many neuromodulators (serotonin, dopamine, octopamine, acetylcholine) change the HR in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. In this study, we investigated the role of cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in HR regulation and 5-HT positive chronotropic action. In order to obtain insight into the 5-HT mechanism of action in larvae cardiomyocytes, genetic and pharmacological approaches were used. We used transgenic flies that expressed the hM4Di receptor [designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)] as one tool. Our previous results showed that activation of hM4Di receptors (modified muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) decreases or arrests the heart from beating. In this study, it was hypothesized that the positive chronotropic effect of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] are mediated by serotonin receptors coupled to the adenylyl cyclase pathway and downstream cAMP and PKA activity. Activation of hM4Di by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) was predicted to block the effects of serotonin by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity through Gαi pathway activation. Interestingly, we found here that manipulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP levels had no significant effect on HR. The ability of hM4Di receptor activation to slow or stop the heart is therefore likely mediated by activation of GIRK channels to produce hyperpolarization of cardiomyocytes, and not through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).J Appl Physiol (1985).2013 Dec;115(11):1656-65. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00849.2013. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a good experimental organism to study the underlying mechanism of heart rate (HR) regulation. It is already known that many neuromodulators (serotonin, dopamine, octopamine, acetylcholine) change the HR in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. In this study, we i
PMID 24092690

Japanese Journal

Comparative Effects of Azelnidipine and Amlodipine on Myocardial Function and Mortality After Ischemia/Reperfusion in Dogs

KANO Seiichiro,ICHIHARA Kazuo,KOMATSU Ken-ichi,SATOH Kumi
Journal of pharmacological sciences 116(2), 181-187, 2011-06-20
… A positive inotropic effect was observed after treatment with both calcium antagonists. … The negative chronotropic action may have contributed to decreased mortality due to reperfusion arrhythmias. …
NAID 10029894668

Cardiovascular Effects of an n-Butanol Extract from Fresh Fruits of Randia siamensis(Pharmacology)

KHWANCHUEA Rapheeporn,JANSAKUL Chaweewan,MULVANY Michael J.,QUEIROZ Emerson Ferreira,HOSTETTMANN Kurt
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 30(1), 96-104, 2007-01-01
… The combination of phentolamine and propranolol, or reserpine pretreatment, inhibited the positive chronotropic effect with a slight decrease in the MAP. … siamensis extract exerts both hypertensive and positive chronotropic effects via the α- and β-adrenergic receptors of blood vessels and the heart, due to release of endogenous catecholamines, likely from nerve ending and adrenal medulla. …
NAID 110006153274