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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/18 00:04:58」(JST)
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A polyribosome (or polysome) is a complex of an mRNA molecule and two or more ribosomes that act to form polypeptide chains during active translation. Originally coined "ergosomes" in 1963, they were further characterized by Jonathan Warner, Paul Knopf, and Alex Rich. The study of translatome and polysome analysis lead to a better insight of the complexity of the regulatory pathway: how mutations, extracellular stimuli, intercellular cues, growth conditions, and stress could lead to the change of translation in the cell. Polysomes consist of varying numbers of ribosomes, and each ribosome contributes to the addition of its substantial mass. They act as a platform for signalling molecules to get involved in the emergence of polypeptides and ribosomes, and aid the nascent polypeptides to fold in the presence of chaperones, which later impact on the function of synthesized polysomes.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Types of Polysome
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Structure
Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) was used to obtain the images of polysomes from mouse brain samples in air and liquid. The images were then reconstructed to depict structures in three-dimensions, thereby facilitating the study into how polysomes are organized. Polysomes can be directly visualized by electron microscopy because they form very high molecular weight particles. Many ribosomes simultaneously read one mRNA polypeptide by progressing along the mRNA chain to synthesize the same protein. They may appear as linear polysomes or circular rosettes with microscopy, but are mainly circular in vivo. This circularization is aided by the fact that mRNA is able to be twisted into a circular formation, allowing a cycle of rapid ribosome recycling to occur. The 5' 7-methylguanosine cap and 3' poly(A) tail present on eukaryotic mRNA aid in this process.
Types of Polysome
Polyribosomes can be found in three forms: free, cytoskeletal bound, and membrane bound. The three forms differ by the poly(A) and non-poly(A) protein binding sequence.
References
- Michael M. Cox; Jennifer A. Doudna; Michael O'Donnell (July 2011). Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice. Macmillan Higher Education. ISBN 978-1-4292-9273-3.
- Staehelin, T.; Brinton, C. C.; Wettstein, F. O.; Noll, H. (1963). "Structure and Function of E. Coli Ergosomes". Nature. 199 (4896): 865–870. doi:10.1038/199865a0 ISSN 0028-0836.
- Warner JR, Knopf PM, Rich A (1963). "A multiple ribosomal structure in protein synthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49: 122–129. Bibcode:1963PNAS...49..122W. doi:10.1073/pnas.49.1.122 PMID 13998950.
- Harvey Lodish (1999). "4.5. Stepwise Formation of Proteins on Ribosomes". Molecular cell biology. New York: Scientific American Books. ISBN 0-7167-3136-3.
- Brielle, Régine; Pinel-Marie, Marie-Laure; Chat, Sophie; Gillet, Reynald; Felden, Brice. "Purification, identification, and functional analysis of polysomes from the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus". Methods. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.10.003
- Qin, Daoming; Fredrick, Kurt. "Chapter Eight - Analysis of Polysomes from Bacteria". Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press. pp. 159–172.
- Gandin, Valentina; Sikström, Kristina; Alain, Tommy; Morita, Masahiro; McLaughlan, Shannon; Larsson, Ola; Topisirovic, Ivan (17 May 2014). "Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale". Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE (87). doi:10.3791/51455 ISSN 1940-087X PMID 8035778.
- Moss, R.; Pryme, I. F.; Vedeler, A. (23 February 1994). "Free, cytoskeletal-bound and membrane-bound polysomes isolated from MPC-11 and Krebs II ascites cells differ in their complement of poly(A) binding proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 131 (2): 131–139. ISSN 0300-8177 PMID 8035778.
- Lunelli, Lorenzo; Bernabò, Paola; Bolner, Alice; Vaghi, Valentina; Marchioretto, Marta; Viero, Gabriella (16 March 2016). "Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy". Journal of Visualized Experiments (109). doi:10.3791/53851 ISSN 1940-087X.
External links
- Theoretical and experimental structure of polysome
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English Journal
- Morphology of the initial nephron-collecting duct connection in mice using computerized 3D tracing and electron microscopy.
- Zhang P1, Gu L2, Cong J3, Zhang J2, Thomsen JS4, Andreasen A4, Chang SJ5, Deng SQ2, Xing J2, Zhai XY6.
- Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2019 Jan 29;509(1):114-118. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.079. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
- PMID 30578077
- Voltage-Independent SK-Channel Dysfunction Causes Neuronal Hyperexcitability in the Hippocampus of Fmr1 Knock-Out Mice.
- Deng PY1,2, Carlin D3, Oh YM3, Myrick LK4,5,6, Warren ST4,5,6, Cavalli V3, Klyachko VA7,2.
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2019 Jan 2;39(1):28-43. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1593-18.2018. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
- PMID 30389838
- Polysome Profiling Analysis of mRNA and Associated Proteins Engaged in Translation.
- Pringle ES1,2, McCormick C1,2, Cheng Z1,2.
- Current protocols in molecular biology.Curr Protoc Mol Biol.2019 Jan;125(1):e79. doi: 10.1002/cpmb.79. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
- PMID 30371019
Japanese Journal
- ラフォラ病の脳病理 : 形成途上期ラフォラ小体の微細構造変化
- 吉村 教暤
- 弘前医療福祉大学紀要 3(1), 19-32, 2012-03-30
- … The observations revealed that the two main components of LB, i.e. poorly branched, irregular fine filaments and amorphous small dense granules, were distributed sparsely in the LB in the early phase, whereas in the developing phase the fine filaments were innumerable together with a substantial number of dense granules and polysomes along with some lysosomes and no apparent autophagosomes. …
- NAID 40019325293
- SP600125 Inhibits Cap-dependent Translation Independently of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway
- , , , , ,
- Cell Structure and Function 36(1), 27-33, 2011
- … SP600125 decreased polysomes with a concomitant increase in free ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm, suggesting that global translation was inhibited at the initiation step. …
- NAID 130004137561
- A Short Period of Mannitol Stress but Not LiCl Stress Led to Global Translational Repression in Plants
- , , [他], , , , ,
- Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(10), 2110-2112, 2010-10-23
- In plant cells, high salinity stress induces rapid inhibition of general protein synthesis. In this study, we found that treatment with mannitol, but not lithium stress, led to rapid global translatio …
- NAID 10027560810
Related Links
- Polyribosomes (or polysomes) also known as ergosomes are a cluster of ribosomes, bound to a mRNA molecule, first discovered and characterized by Jonathan Warner, Paul Knopf, and Alex Rich in 1963. Many ribosomes read one mRNA ...
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