ポリヌクレオチド
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/01/08 17:52:13」(JST)
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A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more[1] nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological function. The prefix poly comes from the ancient Greek πολυς (polys, many). DNA consists of two chains of polynucleotides, with each chain in the form of a helical spiral.
Contents
- 1 Sequence
- 2 Polynucleotides in organisms
- 3 Polynucleotides in scientific experiments
- 4 References
Sequence
Although DNA and RNA do not generally occur in the same polynucleotide, the four species of nucleotides may occur in any order in the chain. The sequence of DNA or RNA species for a given polynucleotide is the main factor determining its function in a living organism or a scientific experiment.
Polynucleotides in organisms
Polynucleotides occur naturally in all living organisms. The genome of an organism consists of complementary pairs of enormously long polynucleotides wound around each other in the form of a double helix. Polynucleotides have a variety of other roles in organisms.
Polynucleotides in scientific experiments
Polynucleotides are used in biochemical experiments such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or DNA sequencing. Polynucleotides are made artificially from oligonucleotides, smaller nucleotide chains with generally fewer than 30 subunits. A polymerase enzyme is used to extend the chain by adding nucleotides according to a pattern specified by the scientist.
References
- ^ Polynucleotides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Nucleic acid constituents
|
|
Nucleobase |
- Purine
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Hypoxanthine
- Xanthine
- Purine analogue
- Pyrimidine
- Uracil
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Pyrimidine analogue
- Unnatural base pair (UBP)
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|
Nucleoside |
Ribonucleoside |
- Adenosine
- Guanosine
- 5-Methyluridine
- Uridine
- Cytidine
- Inosine
- Xanthosine
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|
Deoxyribonucleoside |
- Deoxyadenosine
- Deoxyguanosine
- Thymidine
- Deoxyuridine
- Deoxycytidine
- Deoxyinosine
- Deoxyxanthosine
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|
|
Nucleotide
(Nucleoside monophosphate) |
Ribonucleotide |
- AMP
- GMP
- m5UMP
- UMP
- CMP
- IMP
- XMP
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|
Deoxyribonucleotide |
- dAMP
- dGMP
- dTMP
- dUMP
- dCMP
- dIMP
- dXMP
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|
Cyclic nucleotide |
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|
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Nucleoside diphosphate |
|
|
Nucleoside triphosphate |
- ATP
- GTP
- m5UTP
- UTP
- CTP
- ITP
- XTP
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|
- dATP
- dGTP
- dTTP
- dUTP
- dCTP
- dITP
- dXTP
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|
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Index of biochemical families
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Carbohydrates |
- Alcohols
- Glycoproteins
- Glycosides
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|
Lipids |
- Eicosanoids
- Fatty acids
- Glycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Steroids
|
|
Nucleic acids |
|
|
Proteins |
|
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Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cyclic up-regulation fluorescence of pyrene excimer for studying polynucleotide kinase activity based on dual amplification.
- Xu J1, Gao Y1, Li B1, Jin Y2.
- Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Jun 15;80:91-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.046. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
- Due to its important biological and clinical roles of polynucleotide kinase (PNK), accurate monitoring of PNK activity and inhibition is highly desirable. Herein, a homogeneous and sensitive fluorescence assay has been proposed for the detection of PNK activity by integrating target recycling signal
- PMID 26807522
- Reliable vibrational wavenumbers for C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and N-H stretchings of isolated and hydrogen-bonded nucleic acid bases.
- Fornaro T1, Biczysko M2, Bloino J3, Barone V1.
- Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.Phys Chem Chem Phys.2016 Mar 16;18(12):8479-90. doi: 10.1039/c5cp07386c.
- The accurate prediction of vibrational wavenumbers for functional groups involved in hydrogen-bonded bridges remains an important challenge for computational spectroscopy. For the specific case of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and N-H stretching modes of nucleobases and their oligomers, the
- PMID 26940362
- DNA Stains as Surrogate Nucleobases in Fluorogenic Hybridization Probes.
- Hövelmann F1, Seitz O1.
- Accounts of chemical research.Acc Chem Res.2016 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]
- The increasing importance assigned to RNA dynamics in cells and tissues calls for probe molecules that enable fluorescence microscopy imaging in live cells. To achieve this goal, fluorescence dyes are conjugated with oligonucleotides so as to provide strong emission upon hybridization with the targe
- PMID 26963493
Japanese Journal
- Secure and effective gene delivery system of plasmid DNA coated by polynucleotide
- Kodama Yukinobu,Ohkubo Chikako,Kurosaki Tomoaki,Egashira Kanoko,Sato Kayoko,Fumoto Shintaro,Nishida Koyo,Higuchi Norihide,Kitahara Takashi,Nakamura Tadahiro,Sasaki Hitoshi
- Journal of Drug Targeting 23(1), 43-51, 2015-01-01
- … Polynucleotide coating complexes had lower cytotoxicity than pDNA/PEI complex. … Thus, we developed polynucleotide coating complexes as novel vectors for clinical gene therapy, and the pDNA/PEI/polyC complex as a useful candidate for a gene delivery system. …
- NAID 120005527920
- Lipoprotein MslA, a novel mycoplasma virulence factor, is a polynucleotide binding protein
- HIGA Yumiko,MARDANI Karim,BEN-BARAK Idan,MARKHAM Philip F.,BROWNING Glenn F.
- 日本マイコプラズマ学会雑誌 = Japanese Journal of Mycoplasmology 38, 59, 2012-03-31
- NAID 10030541606
- Detection of single-copy functional genes in prokaryotic cells by two-pass TSA-FISH with polynucleotide probes
- カワカミ シュウジ,Hasegawa Takuya,Imachi Hiroyuki,Yamaguchi Takashi,Harada Hideki,Ohashi Akiyoshi,Kubota Kengo
- Journal of Microbiological Methods 88(2), 218-223, 2012
- … Here, we developed a two-pass tyramide signal amplification (TSA)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol with PCR-derived polynucleotide probes for the detection of single-copy genes in prokaryotic cells. … Microorganisms possessing the mcrA or apsA gene in anaerobic sludge samples were successfully detected by two-pass TSA-FISH with polynucleotide probes. …
- NAID 120005308241
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
ポリヌクレオチド-5'-ヒドロキシルキナーゼ
- 関
- DNA kinase、polynucleotide kinase
[★]
ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼ
- 関
- DNA kinase、polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase
[★]
ポリヌクレオチドホスホリラーゼ
- 関
- polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase