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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/31 05:30:47」(JST)

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Polycarbophil calcium (INN) is a drug used as a stool stabilizer. Chemically, it is a synthetic polymer of polyacrylic acid cross-linked with divinyl glycol, with calcium as a counter-ion.

Clinical uses

It is used as stool stabilizer to treat constipation, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Bulk laxatives absorb liquid in the intestines and swell to form a soft bulky stool. The bulky mass stimulates the intestinal muscles, speeding stool transit time through the colon. Results usually occur within 12 to 72 hours. Calcium polycarbophil will not work without increased fluid intake.

Calcium polycarbophil has been marketed as an over-the-counter agent used for treating functional bowel disorder and as a bulk-producing agent.

A study looked at the effects of calcium polycarbophil on general irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Fourteen patients with IBS-diarrhea and twelve with IBS-constipation were given calcium polycarbophil for eight weeks and their colon transit times were measured with radiopaque markers in the colon. The patients with diarrhea reported fewer bowel movements, more solid stools and reduced abdominal pain. Patients with constipation reported more frequent bowel movements, looser stools and less pain.^[1]

The human stomach presents a mild acidic environment due to the presence of HCl. Polycarbophil absorbs about ten times its own weight of water under acidic conditions, but the swelling ratio markedly increases at above pH 4.0 and reaches 70 times the initial weight under pH-neutral conditions. The swelling of polycarbophil is not affected by non-ionic osmolarity, but by ionic strength, showing a decrease with increase of ionic strength. Monovalent metal ions such as sodium and potassium ions in gastrointestinal fluid do not reduce the equilibrium swelling of polycarbophil, but divalent ions such as calcium and magnesium ions do. However, calcium ions only slightly reduce the equilibrium swelling under sodium-rich conditions.^[2]

A different representation: polyacrylic acid residues are shown in red, residues of the cross-linker divinyl glycol (3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-hexadiene) in blue.

References

Saito, T; Mizutani, F; Iwanaga, Y; Morikawa, K; Kato, H (2002). "Laxative and anti-diarrheal activity of polycarbophil in mice and rats". Japanese journal of pharmacology 89 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1254/jjp.89.133. PMID 12120755.
Torii, A; Toda, G (2004). "Management of irritable bowel syndrome". Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 43 (5): 353–9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.43.353. PMID 15206545.
Paterson, WG; Thompson, WG; Vanner, SJ; Faloon, TR; Rosser, WW; Birtwhistle, RW; Morse, JL; Touzel, TA (1999). "Recommendations for the management of irritable bowel syndrome in family practice. IBS Consensus Conference Participants". Canadian Medical Association Journal 161 (2): 154–60. PMC 1230466. PMID 10439825.

^ Chiba, T; Kudara, N; Sato, M; Chishima, R; Abiko, Y; Inomata, M; Orii, S; Suzuki, K (2005). "Colonic transit, bowel movements, stool form, and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome by treatments with calcium polycarbophil". Hepato-gastroenterology 52 (65): 1416–20. PMID 16201086.
^ Shibata, C; Funayama, Y; Fukushima, K; Takahashi, K; Ogawa, H; Haneda, S; Watanabe, K; Kudoh, K; et al. (2007). "Effect of calcium polycarbophil on bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial". Digestive diseases and sciences 52 (6): 1423–6. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9270-6. PMID 17394081.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における慢性便秘のマネージメント management of chronic constipation in adults
2. 高齢者における便秘 constipation in the older adult
3. 成人における過敏性腸症候群の治療 treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in adults
4. 人工肛門造設または回腸瘻造設患者に対するケアとオストミー合併症のマネージメント routine care of patients with an ileostomy or colostomy and management of ostomy complications
5. 甲状腺機能低下症の治療 treatment of hypothyroidism

English Journal

Hydrotalcite composites for an effective fluoride buccal administration: A new technological approach.

Perioli L, Nocchetti M, Giannelli P, Pagano C, Bastianini M.SourceUniversità degli Studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: luana.perioli@unipg.it.
International journal of pharmaceutics.Int J Pharm.2013 Sep 15;454(1):259-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.070. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
The aim of this work was to develop new mucoadhesive buccal patches containing an inorganic fluorinated compound, MgAl-F, intended for decay prevention. Firstly MgAl-F was synthesized and characterized, then the patches were prepared starting from a physical blend of mucoadhesive polymers (NaCMC and
PMID 23850817

Effects of Foods and Beverages on the Symptoms of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.

Herati AS, Shorter B, Srinivasan AK, Tai J, Seideman C, Lesser M, Moldwin RM.SourceArthur Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.
Urology.Urology.2013 Aug 23. pii: S0090-4295(13)00854-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.07.015. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To better elucidate the prevalence of perceived food sensitivity and characterize the sensitivity pattern in patients with clinically diagnosed chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.METHODS: A total of 286 men meeting the National Institutes of Health criteria for chronic prost
PMID 23978369

Development of in situ gelling and bio adhesive 5-Fluorouracil enema.

Wang LL, Zheng WS, Chen SH, Fang XQ.SourceInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Beijing, China.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Aug 16;8(8):e71037. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071037.
In this study, a novel 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) enema with good bio adhesion and temperature sensitivity was developed using in situ gelling technology. The preparation was formulated as a free-flowing liquid before use, while a layer of gel film was quickly formed when administered in the rectum, with
PMID 23976976

Japanese Journal

IV．便失禁に対する薬物療法─国内外ガイドラインおよびレビューより─

日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 68(10), 946-953, 2015
NAID 130005106588

本邦における便失禁診療の実態調査報告?診断と治療の現状?

日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 65(3), 101-108, 2012
NAID 130002123534

消化管炎症マーカーと過敏性腸症候群(シンポジウム:脳腸相関と腸管炎症,2010年,第51回日本心身医学会総会ならびに学術講演会(仙台))

心身医学 51(4), 312-316, 2011-04-01
NAID 110008593579

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ポリカルボフィル」
拡張検索	「polycarbophil calcium」

「ポリカルボフィル」

Polycarbophil calcium
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Multum Consumer Information
Pregnancy; category	US: C (Risk not ruled out); ;
Routes of; administration	Oral (tablets)
Legal status
Legal status	US: OTC;
Identifiers
CAS Number	9003-97-8
ATC code	A06AC08 (WHO)
PubChem	SID 49901815
ChemSpider	none
KEGG	D03306
Chemical data
Formula	(C3H3Ca1/2O2)a(C6H10O2)b
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　　[★]

英: polycarbophil
化: ポリカルボフィルカルシウム polycarbophil calcium
商: コロネル、ポリカルボフィルCa、ポリフル
関: その他の消化器官用薬

高吸収性ポリマー;便秘下痢治療薬

「polycarbophil calcium」

　　[★] ポリカルボフィル。ポリカルボフィルカルシウム

[1] Chiba, T; Kudara, N; Sato, M; Chishima, R; Abiko, Y; Inomata, M; Orii, S; Suzuki, K (2005). "Colonic transit, bowel movements, stool form, and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome by treatments with calcium polycarbophil". Hepato-gastroenterology 52 (65): 1416–20. PMID 16201086.

[2] Shibata, C; Funayama, Y; Fukushima, K; Takahashi, K; Ogawa, H; Haneda, S; Watanabe, K; Kudoh, K; et al. (2007). "Effect of calcium polycarbophil on bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial". Digestive diseases and sciences 52 (6): 1423–6. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9270-6. PMID 17394081.

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案内

polycarbophil