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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/10/21 10:42:02」(JST)
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Phytotoxicity is a toxic effect by a compound on plant growth.[1] Such damage may be caused by a wide variety of compounds, including trace metals, pesticides, salinity, phytotoxins or allelopathy.
Contents
- 1 Substances with phytotoxic potential
- 1.1 Mineral salts
- 1.2 Herbicides
- 2 References
Substances with phytotoxic potential
Mineral salts
High concentrations of mineral salts in solution within the growing medium can have phytotoxic effects. Sources of excessive mineral salts include infiltration of seawater and excessive application of fertilizers. For example urea is used in agriculture as a nitrogenous fertilizer, but if too much is applied, phytotoxic effects can result, either by urea toxicity or by the "ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease".[2] Ammonia (NH3) converts into ammonium salts (NH4+), followed by oxidation into nitrites (NO2-)and nitrates (NO3-) by aerobic bacteria. The nitrous and nitric acid produced may be too acidic for the plant.[3]
Herbicides
Herbicides are designed to kill plants, and are used to control unwanted plants such as agricultural weeds. However herbicides can also cause phytotoxic effects in plants that are not within the area over which the herbicide is applied, for example as a result of wind-blown spray drift or from the use of herbicide-contaminated material (such as straw or manure) being applied to the soil.[4] The phytotoxic effects of herbicides are an important subject of study in the field of ecotoxicology.
References
- ^ "Phytotoxicity - Pesticides". Province of British Columbia. 2007.
- ^ Krogmeier, Michael J.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Bremner, John M. (1 November 1989). "Phytotoxicity of foliar-applied urea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (21): 8189–8191. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8189. PMC 298245. PMID 16594077.
- ^ Joseph Jenkins, Inc. Publications Message Board
- ^ Stefan Buczacki, Keith Harris (1998). "Disorders". Pests, Diseases & Disorders Of Garden Plants. Collins. p. 609. ISBN 0 00 220063 5.
English Journal
- Orange Peel Extracts: Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antioxidative Burst, and Phytotoxic Activities.
- Erukainure OL1,2,3, Ebuehi OA4, Iqbal Chaudhary M2, Mesaik MA3,5, Shukralla A3, Muhammad A3,6, Zaruwa MZ7, Elemo GN1.
- Journal of dietary supplements.J Diet Suppl.2016 Sep 2;13(5):585-94. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1150932. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
- The search for novel drugs and alternative medicine has led to increased research in medicinal plants. Among such plants is the orange fruit. Its peels have been utilized for long as an active ingredient in most traditional medicines. This study aims at investigating the chemical properties of the h
- PMID 26930349
- Heterogeneous sono-Fenton process using pyrite nanorods prepared by non-thermal plasma for degradation of an anthraquinone dye.
- Khataee A1, Gholami P2, Vahid B3, Joo SW4.
- Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2016 Sep;32:357-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.002. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
- Natural pyrite (NP) was treated using oxygen and nitrogen non-thermal plasmas to form modified catalysts. Cleaning effect of the O2 plasma by chemical etching leads to removal of impurities from catalyst surface and sputtering effect of the N2 plasma results in formation of pyrite nanorods. The ment
- PMID 27150782
- Some adverse effects of soil amendment with organic Materials-The case of soils polluted by copper industry phytostabilized with red fescue.
- Cuske M1, Karczewska A1, Gałka B1, Dradrach A2.
- International journal of phytoremediation.Int J Phytoremediation.2016 Aug 2;18(8):839-46. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1146227.
- The study was aimed to examine the effects of soil amendment with organic waste materials on the growth of red fescue and the uptake of Cu and Zn by this grass, in view of its potential usage for phytostabilization of Cu-polluted soils. Five soils, containing 301-5180 mg/kg Cu, were collected from
- PMID 26853183
Japanese Journal
- Phytofiltration of arsenic and cadmium by using an aquatic plant, Micranthemum umbrosum: Phytotoxicity, uptake kinetics, and mechanism
- Islam Md. Shariful,Saito Takeshi,Kurasaki Masaaki
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 112, 193-200, 2015-02
- Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are noxious and carcinogenic pollutants that can be removed from water by using emerging, ecofriendly, phytofiltration technology that employs Micranthemum umbrosum. Afte …
- NAID 120005517729
- 新規殺菌剤ベンジルカーバメート系QoI剤ピリベンカルブの特性と普及方針
- 新規コナジラミ成虫忌避剤グリセリン酢酸脂肪酸エステルの防除効果
- 加嶋 崇之,武田 千秋,秋吉 信行 [他],吉田 潔充,有本 裕
- Journal of Pesticide Science 39(2), 91-97, 2014
- … Phytotoxicity to tomato plants was below the commercially acceptable level. …
- NAID 130004725730
Related Links
- Phytotoxicity definition, of or relating to phytotoxin. See more. Thesaurus Translator Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary My Account Log Out Log In follow Dictionary.com Dictionary Thesaurus More...
- Plant injury (phytotoxicity) may occur when chemicals are employed to protect plants from pests, fertilize plants, regulate plant growth, etc. Plant injury (phytotoxicity) may occur when chemicals are employed to protect plants from ...
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