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inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters

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皮膚炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/14 00:32:19」(JST)

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Photodermatitis, sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. The second and subsequent exposures produce photoallergic skin conditions which are often eczematous.

Signs and symptoms

Photodermatitis may result in swelling, a burning sensation, a red itchy rash sometimes resembling small blisters, and peeling of the skin. Nausea may also occur. There may also be blotches where the itching may persist for long periods of time. In these areas an unsightly orange to brown tint may form, usually near or on the face.

Causes

Many medications and conditions can cause sun sensitivity, including:

Sulfa used in some drugs, among them some antibiotics, diuretics, COX-2 inhibitors, and diabetes drugs.^[1]
Psoralens, coal tars, photo-active dyes (eosin, acridine orange)
Musk ambrette, methylcoumarin, lemon oil (may be present in fragrances)
PABA (found in sunscreens)
Oxybenzone (UVA and UVB chemical blocker also in sunscreens) ^[2]
Salicylanilide (found in industrial cleaners)
St John's Wort, used to treat clinical depression
Hexachlorophene (found in some ℞ antibacterial soaps)
Contact with sap from Giant Hogweed. Common Rue (Ruta graveolins) is another phototoxic plant commonly found in gardens
Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline)
Benzoyl peroxide
Retinoids (e.g., isotretinoin)
NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen sodium)
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic: Sparfloxacin in 2% of cases
Amiodarone, used to treat atrial fibrillation
Pellagra

Photodermatitis can also be caused by plants. This is called phytophotodermatitis.

Prevention

Prevention includes avoiding exposure to the sun and wearing sun block on the affected area.

Cover up: wear long sleeves, slacks, and a wide-brimmed hat whenever harsh exposure is probable
Avoid chemicals that may trigger a reaction
Wear sunscreen^[3]^[4] at least factor 30 with a high UVA protection level
Wear gloves and/or remain indoors after handling fruits or plants which increase sensitivity to light

References

^ http://allergies.about.com/od/medicationallergies/a/sulfa.htm
^ Rodriguez E, Valbuena MC, Rey M, Porras de Quintana L. 2006. Causal agents of photoallergic contact dermatitis diagnosed in the national institute of dermatology of Colombia. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 22(4): 189-192.
^ Archived AAD - The Sun and Your Skin, "Allergic Reactions" section
^ AAD - Sunscreens

UpToDate Contents

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1. 光線過敏症（光線皮膚症）：臨床症状、診断、および治療 photosensitivity disorders photodermatoses clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment
2. 物理性蕁麻疹 physical urticarias
3. 従来の癌の化学療法による皮膚合併症 cutaneous complications of conventional chemotherapy agents
4. 薬疹 drug eruptions
5. 全身性エリテマトーデスの皮膚粘膜症状 mucocutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

English Journal

Singlet oxygen mediated DNA damage induced phototoxicity by ketoprofen resulting in mitochondrial depolarization and lysosomal destabilization.

Ray RS1, Mujtaba SF, Dwivedi A, Yadav N, Verma A, Kushwaha HN, Amar SK, Goel S, Chopra D.Author information 1Photobiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: ratanray.2011@rediffmail.com.AbstractKetoprofen (KP) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis and various rheumatic diseases. Currently, KP is applied topically on skin as gel to treat symptoms of pain and inflammation. We have studied the photomodification of KP under natural environmental conditions. KP generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) like ¹O₂ through Type-II photodynamic reaction. ¹O₂ mediated 2'-dGuO photodegradation, single and double strand breakage were significantly induced by photosensitized KP under sunlight/UV-R exposure. Significant intracellular ROS generation was measured through DCF-DA fluorescence. Linoleic acid photoperoxidation and role of ¹O₂ were substantiated by using specific quencher like sodium azide. KP induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and cell death through MTT assay. We found apoptosis as the pattern of cell death which was confirmed through caspase-3 activation, cytochrome-c release from mitochondria, up-regulation of Bax protein and phosphatidylserine translocation. Our RT-PCR result strongly supports our view point of apoptotic cell death through up-regulation of p21 and pro-apoptotic Bax genes expression. Mitochondrial depolarization and lysosomal destabilization were also parallel to apoptotic process. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the topical application of KP and sunlight exposure in the light of skin related photosensitivity and cancers.
Toxicology.Toxicology.2013 Dec 15;314(2-3):229-37. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
Ketoprofen (KP) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis and various rheumatic diseases. Currently, KP is applied topically on skin as gel to treat symptoms of pain and inflammation. We have studied the photomodification of KP under natural environment
PMID 24128752

Assemble the puzzle: bizarre-looking lesions.

Robl M1, Robl R, Marinoni LP, Abagge KT, Carvalho VO.Author information 1Department of Pediatric, Federal University of Paraná, , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.KEYWORDS: Dermatology, Psoralens, child, phytophotodermatitis
Archives of disease in childhood.Arch Dis Child.2013 Nov;98(11):915. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304407. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
PMID 23942903

Japanese Journal

ヒドロクロロチアジド配合降圧薬による光線過敏型薬疹の8例 : 光毒性 ? 光アレルギー性 ? 光線テストによる作用機序の考察

Journal of environmental dermatology and cutaneous allergology = / the Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis
NAID 10031190566

光アレルギー性接触皮膚炎の免疫学的分子機構

産業医科大学雑誌 25(4), 387-395, 2003-12-01
NAID 110001259587

非ステロイド系消炎鎮痛剤の光毒性，光感作能及び持続性光線過敏に対する検討

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 113(4), 405-411, 2003
NAID 130004714686

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「光毒性皮膚炎」
関連記事	「phototoxic」

「光毒性皮膚炎」

Photodermatitis
	Classification and external resources
	An image of a patch of sun poisoning on the left forearm
ICD-10	L57.8
ICD-9	692.79
DiseasesDB	24609
MeSH	D010787

　　[★]

英: phototoxic dermatitis
関: 光毒性

「phototoxic」

　　[★]

光毒性の

関: phototoxicity

[1] ttp://allergies.about.com/od/medicationallergies/a/sulfa.htm

[2] Rodriguez E, Valbuena MC, Rey M, Porras de Quintana L. 2006. Causal agents of photoallergic contact dermatitis diagnosed in the national institute of dermatology of Colombia. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 22(4): 189-192.

[3] Archived AAD - The Sun and Your Skin, "Allergic Reactions" section

[4] AAD - Sunscreens

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案内

phototoxic dermatitis