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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/26 22:48:33」(JST)

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Photopsia is the presence of perceived flashes of light. It is most commonly associated with posterior vitreous detachment, migraine with aura, migraine aura without headache, retinal break or detachment, occipital lobe infarction and sensory deprivation (ophthalmopathic hallucinations). Vitreous shrinkage or liquifaction, which are the most common causes of photopsia, cause a pull in vitreoretinal attachments, irritating the retina and causing it to discharge electrical impulses. These impulses are interpreted by brain as 'flashes'.

This condition has also been identified as a common initial symptom of Punctate Inner Choroiditis (PIC), a rare retinal autoimmune disease believed to be caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying the retina.

Photopsia can present as retinal detachment when examined by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. However, it can also be a sign of Uveal melanoma. This condition is extremely rare (one in 5 million people will be affected, typically fair-skinned, blue-eyed northern Europeans) but if left untreated, will migrate to the liver and shorten life expectancy. Photopsia should be investigated immediately.

Another cause can be nervous spasms.

References[edit]

Amos JF (1999). "Differential diagnosis of common etiologies of photopsia". J Am Optom Assoc 70 (8): 485–504. PMID 10506812.
Engmann, Birk (2008). "Phosphenes and photopsias - ischaemic origin or sensorial deprivation? - Case history." Z. Neuropsychol. 19(1): 7-13. ISSN 1016-264X doi:10.1024/1016-264X.19.1.7
Chu, David S. (MD) (2001). Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation. http://www.uveitis.org/medical/articles/case/PIC.html
Sihota, Ramanjit. Tandon, Radhika.(2011). Parsons' Disease of the Eye. year 2011. Edition 21st. Pages 90–91. ISBN:978-81-312-2554-7

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Photopsia and a temporal visual field defect.

Marsiglia M1, Odel JG1, Rudich DS2, Tsang SH1, Plant GT3.
Survey of ophthalmology.Surv Ophthalmol.2015 Nov 18. pii: S0039-6257(15)30059-X. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.11.003. [Epub ahead of print]
A 30-year-old woman presented with intermittent photopsia, a temporal visual field defect below the horizontal in her left eye, and 'flu-like symptoms. Slit lamp and fundus examination were unremarkable. Humphrey 30-2 threshold perimetry and 120 point screening visual field demonstrated blind spot e
PMID 26603377

HLA-A29-POSITIVE BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY IN AN AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENT.

Knezevic A1, Munk MR, Pappas F, Merrill PT, Goldstein DA.
Retinal cases & brief reports.Retin Cases Brief Rep.2015 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To report the first documented case of HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy in an African American patient.METHODS: A 51-year-old African American woman presented with a 10-year history of photopsia, progressive decrease in visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and new nyctalopia. Both fund
PMID 26579592

Photopsias: A Key to Diagnosis.

Brown GC1, Brown MM2, Fischer DH3.
Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2015 Oct;122(10):2084-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.06.025. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
PURPOSE: To assess the character and cause of photopsias in vitreoretinal patients.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 169 consecutive patients (217 eyes) with vitreoretinal disease presenting with a history of photopsias.METHODS: A total of 217 eyes with photopsias in 169 patient
PMID 26249730