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a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal (同)bond certificate
a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents (同)bond_paper
issue bonds on
bring together in a common cause or emotion; "The death of their child had drawn them together" (同)bring together, draw together
a close personal relationship that forms between people (as between husband and wife or parent and child)
fastening firmly together (同)soldering
(dentistry) a technique for repairing a tooth; resinous material is applied to the surface of the tooth where it adheres to the tooths enamel
United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) (同)Julian Bond
British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming (同)James Bond

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〈C〉『縛る物』 / 《通例複数形で》『束縛』,拘束,かせ / 《しばしば複数形で》(血縁,義理などの)『きずな』,縁 / 〈C〉契約 / 〈C〉『証書』,証文;『債券』,公債 / 〈U〉(石・れんがなどの)つなぎ方,組積み / 〈U〉保税倉庫入り / 〈U〉接着,接合;接着剤,接合剤 / 〈品物〉'を'担保とする / …‘の'保証人となる / (債券などを発行して)…‘の'支払いを保証する / …'を'つなぐ,結ぶ(bind together) / つながる
合板の / 公債(債券)で保証された;担保付きの / (輸入貨物が)保税倉庫留め置きの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/18 12:52:18」(JST)

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Diagram of phosphodiester bonds (PO₄^3-) between nucleotides. Which presents Thymine (T) and two molecules of Adenine (A).

A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.^[1]

Phosphodiester bonds are central to most life on Earth, as they make up the backbone of the strands of DNA. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds.

The phosphate groups in the phosphodiester bond are negatively-charged. Because the phosphate groups have a pK_a near 0, they are negatively-charged at pH 7^{[citation needed]}. This repulsion forces the phosphates to take opposite sides of the DNA strands and is neutralized by proteins (histones), metal ions such as magnesium, and polyamines.

In order for the phosphodiester bond to be formed and the nucleotides to be joined, the tri-phosphate or di-phosphate forms of the nucleotide building blocks are broken apart to give off energy required to drive the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. When a single phosphate or two phosphates known as pyrophosphates break away and catalyze the reaction, the phosphodiester bond is formed.^{[citation needed]}

Hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds can be catalyzed by the action of phosphodiesterases which play an important role in repairing DNA sequences.^{[citation needed]}

In biological systems, the phosphodiester bond between two ribonucleotides can be broken by alkaline hydrolysis because of the free 2' hydroxyl group.

Enzyme activity

A phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds, for instance a bond in a molecule of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP.

An enzyme that plays an important role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage is the 3'-phosphodiesterase.

During the replication of DNA, there is a hole between the phosphates in the backbone left by DNA polymerase I. DNA ligase is able to form a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides.

References

^ School of BioMedical Sciences Wiki https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php/Phosphodiester_bond |url= missing title (help).

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English Journal

Novel immunostimulatory phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides with CpT sequences instead of CpG motifs.

Kim D, Jung J, Lee Y, Kwon HJ.SourceDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2011 Jul;48(12-13):1494-504. Epub 2011 May 6.
The innate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as a nonself to induce rapid immune activation. TLR9 recognizes synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the context of specific base sequences (CpG-DNA). Here, we demonstrate that phosphor
PMID 21529949

Relevance of the Branch Point Adenosine, Coordination Loop, and 3' Exon Binding Site for in Vivo Excision of the Sinorhizobium meliloti Group II Intron RmInt1.

Molina-Sanchez MD, Barrientos-Duran A, Toro N.SourceFrom the Grupo de Ecologia Genetica, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2011 Jun 17;286(24):21154-63. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
Excision of the bacterial group II intron RmInt1 has been demonstrated in vivo, resulting in the formation of both intron lariat and putative intron RNA circles. We show here that the bulged adenosine in domain VI of RmInt1 is required for splicing via the branching pathway, but branch site mutants
PMID 21521690

Japanese Journal

リン酸エステル結合加水分解を発現したビスピコリルアミノ基含有シクロデキストリン誘導体

山村初雄,岩田寿文
豊田研究報告 (61), 199-203, 2008-05
NAID 40016102100

光応答性人工核酸を用いた遺伝子操作および遺伝子解析

藤本健造
有機合成化学協会誌 : JOURNAL OF Synthetic Organic Chemistry JAPAN 65(7), 709-714, 2007-07-01
… While many methods for enzymatic and chemical ligation of DNA fragment via a native phosphodiester bond or non-native linkages have been demonstrated, there are only a few methods for photoinduced non-enzymatic chemical ligation. …
NAID 10019519968