ホスファチジン酸ホスファターゼ
WordNet
- any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/30 00:56:35」(JST)
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| phosphatidate phosphatase |
| Identifiers |
| EC number |
3.1.3.4 |
| CAS number |
9025-77-8 |
| Databases |
| IntEnz |
IntEnz view |
| BRENDA |
BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy |
NiceZyme view |
| KEGG |
KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc |
metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM |
profile |
| PDB structures |
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology |
AmiGO / EGO |
| Search |
| PMC |
articles |
| PubMed |
articles |
| NCBI |
proteins |
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In enzymology, a phosphatidate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:[1]
- a 3-sn-phosphatidate + H2O a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-sn-phosphatidate and H2O, whereas its two products are 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, ether lipid, and sphingolipid metabolism.
Contents
- 1 Nomenclature
- 2 Types
- 3 Genes
- 4 References
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include:
- phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP),
- acid phosphatidyl phosphatase,
- phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase,
- phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, and
- lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase (LPP).
Types
There are several different genes that codify for phosphatidate phosphatases. They been classified in two groups (type I and type II) based on their cellular localization and substrate specificity.[2]
Type I
Type I phosphatidate phosphatases are soluble enzymes that can associate to membranes. There are found mainly in the cytosol and the nucleus. Codified by a group of genes named Lipin they are substrate specific only to phosphatidate. There are speculated to be involved in the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids.
Type II
Type II phosphatidate phospatases are transmembrane enzymes found mainly in the plasma membrane. They can also dephosphorylate other substrates beside phosphatidate therefore are also known as lipid-phosphate phosphatase. Their main role is in lipid signaling and in phospholipid head-group remodeling.
Genes
Human genes that encode phosphatidate phosphatases include:
- PPAP2A (LPP1) – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A
- PPAP2B (LPP3) – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2B
- PPAP2C (LPP2) – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2C
- PPAPDC1A (PPC1A) – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1A
- PPAPDC1B (PPC1B) – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1B
- PPAPDC2 – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 2
- PPAPDC3 – phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 3
- LPPR2 – lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 2
- LPPR3 – lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 3
- LPPR4 – lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4
- LPIN1 – lipin 1[3][4]
- LPIN2 – lipin 2[4]
- LPIN3 – lipin 3[4]
References
- ^ Smith SW, Weiss SB, Kennedy EP (October 1957). "The enzymatic dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acids". J. Biol. Chem. 228 (2): 915–22. PMID 13475370.
- ^ Carman GM, Han GS (December 2006). "Roles of phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in lipid metabolism". Trends Biochem. Sci. 31 (12): 694–9. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.10.003. PMC 1769311. PMID 17079146.
- ^ Han GS, Wu WI, Carman GM (April 2006). "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lipin homolog is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (14): 9210–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M600425200. PMC 1424669. PMID 16467296.
- ^ a b c Donkor J, Sariahmetoglu M, Dewald J, Brindley DN, Reue K (February 2007). "Three mammalian lipins act as phosphatidate phosphatases with distinct tissue expression patterns". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (6): 3450–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M610745200. PMID 17158099.
- Metabolism: lipid metabolism
- phospholipids
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| Anabolism |
- to diacylglycerol: Acyltransferase
- Phosphatidate phosphatase
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- Choline kinase
- Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
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- phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis:
- PIGA
- PIGB
- PIGC
- PIGF
- PIGG
- PIGH
- PIGK
- PIGL
- PIGM
- PIGN
- PIGO
- PIGP
- PIGQ
- PIGS
- PIGT
- PIGU
- PIGV
- PIGW
- PIGX
- PIGY
- PIGZ
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| Catabolism |
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- Diacylglycerol kinase
- DGKA
- DGKB
- DGKD
- DGKE
- DGKG
- DGKH
- DGKI
- DGKK
- DGKQ
- DGKZ
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- Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
- Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
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Index of inborn errors of metabolism
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| Description |
- Metabolism
- Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle
- glycolysis
- glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
- fructose and galactose
- pentose phosphate
- glycoproteins
- glycosaminoglycans
- lipid
- phospholipid
- cholesterol and steroid
- lipoprotein
- sphingolipids
- eicosanoids
- amino acid
- urea cycle
- heme and porphyrin
- nucleotide
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| Disorders |
- Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
- Carbohydrate
- Glycoprotein
- Proteoglycan
- Fatty-acid
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol and steroid
- Lipid
- Lipid storage
- Eicosanoid
- Amino acid
- Purine-pyrimidine
- Heme metabolism
- Symptoms and signs
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| Treatment |
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Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
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| 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases |
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Butyrylcholinesterase
- Pectinesterase
- 6-phosphogluconolactonase
- PAF acetylhydrolase
- Lipase
- Bile salt-dependent
- Gastric/Lingual
- Pancreatic
- Lysosomal
- Hormone-sensitive
- Endothelial
- Hepatic
- Lipoprotein
- Monoacylglycerol
- Diacylglycerol
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| 3.1.2: Thioesterase |
- Palmitoyl protein thioesterase
- Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
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| 3.1.3: Phosphatase |
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases
- Nucleotidase
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase
- OCRL
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
- Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
- PTEN
- Phytase
- Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
- Dual-specificity phosphatase
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| 3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase |
- Autotaxin
- Phospholipase
- Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
- PDE1
- PDE2
- PDE3
- PDE4A/PDE4B
- PDE5
- Lecithinase (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin)
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
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| 3.1.6: Sulfatase |
- arylsulfatase
- Arylsulfatase A
- Arylsulfatase B
- Arylsulfatase E
- Steroid sulfatase
- Galactosamine-6 sulfatase
- Iduronate-2-sulfatase
- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
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Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease and
ribonuclease) |
| 3.1.11-16: Exonuclease |
| Exodeoxyribonuclease |
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| Exoribonuclease |
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| 3.1.21-31: Endonuclease |
| Endodeoxyribonuclease |
- Deoxyribonuclease I
- Deoxyribonuclease II
- Deoxyribonuclease IV
- Restriction enzyme
- UvrABC endonuclease
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| Endoribonuclease |
- RNase III
- RNase H
- RNase P
- RNase A
- RNase T1
- RNA-induced silencing complex
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| either deoxy- or ribo- |
- Aspergillus nuclease S1
- Micrococcal nuclease
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Hypoxia causes triglyceride accumulation via HIF-1-mediated stimulation of lipin 1 expression.
- Mylonis I, Sembongi H, Befani C, Liakos P, Siniossoglou S, Simos G.AbstractAdaptation to hypoxia involves the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIFs and requires reprogramming of cellular metabolism that is essential during both physiological and pathological processes. In contrast to the established role of HIF-1 in glucose metabolism, the involvement of HIFs and the molecular mechanisms concerning the effects of hypoxia on lipid metabolism are poorly characterized. Here, we report that exposure of human cells to hypoxia causes triglyceride and lipid droplet accumulation. This is accompanied by induction of lipin 1, a phosphatidate phosphatase isoform that catalyzes the penultimate step in triglyceride biosynthesis, while lipin 2 remains unaffected. Hypoxic up-regulation of lipin 1 expression involves predominantly HIF-1, which binds to a single distal hypoxia-responsive element in the lipin 1 gene promoter and causes its activation under low oxygen conditions. Hypoxic triglyceride or lipid droplet accumulation can be blocked by siRNA-mediated silencing of lipin 1 expression or kaempferol-mediated inhibition of HIF-1. We conclude that direct control of lipin 1 transcription by HIF-1 is an important regulatory feature of lipid metabolism and its adaptation to hypoxia.
- Journal of cell science.J Cell Sci.2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]
- Adaptation to hypoxia involves the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIFs and requires reprogramming of cellular metabolism that is essential during both physiological and pathological processes. In contrast to the established role of HIF-1 in glucose metabolism, the involvement of HIFs and th
- PMID 22467849
- MicroRNA-217 promotes ethanol-induced fat accumulation in hepatocytes by down-regulating SIRT1.
- Yin H, Hu M, Zhang R, Shen Z, Flatow L, You M.SourceDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology, University of South Florida Health Sciences Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
- The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2012 Mar 23;287(13):9817-26. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
- Ethanol-mediated inhibition of hepatic sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of this inhibition by identifying a new hepatic target of ethanol action, microRNA-217 (miR-217). The role of miR-217 in
- PMID 22308024
Japanese Journal
- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lipin homolog is a Mg[2+]-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme
- Isolation and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LPP1 gene encoding a Mg^<2+>-independent phosphatidate phosphatase.
Related Links
- 1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Mar;1831(3):514-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Aug 14. Phosphatidate phosphatase, a key regulator of lipid homeostasis. Pascual F(1), Carman GM. Author ...
- phos·pha·ti·date phos·pha·tase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidate producing orthophosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol; this enzyme ... Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- phosphatidate phosphatase
[★]
ホスファターゼ、フォスファターゼ、脱リン酸化酵素、脱リン酸酵素
- 関
- phosphohydrolase、phosphoric monoester hydrolase
[★]
ホスファチジン酸
- 関
- phosphatidic acid