関: phorbol myristate acetate、PMA

WordNet

a salt or ester of acetic acid (同)ethanoate

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/31 05:43:08」(JST)

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12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), also commonly known as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), is a diester of phorbol and a potent tumor promoter often employed in biomedical research to activate the signal transduction enzyme protein kinase C (PKC).^[1]^[2]^[3] The effects of TPA on PKC result from its similarity to one of the natural activators of classic PKC isoforms, diacylglycerol. TPA is a small molecule drug.

In ROS biology, superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, was identified as the major ROS species induced by TPA/PMA but not by ionomycin in mouse macrophages.^[4] Thus, TPA/PMA has been routinely used as an inducer for endogenous superoxide production. ^[5]

TPA is also being studied as a drug in the treatment of hematologic cancer^{[citation needed]}.

TPA has a specific use in cancer diagnostics as a B-cell specific mitogen in cytogenetic testing. To view the chromosomes, a cytogenetic test requires dividing cells. TPA is used to stimulate division of B-cells during cytogenetic diagnosis of B-cell cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia.^[6]

TPA is also commonly used together with ionomycin to stimulate T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production, and is used in protocols for intracellular staining of these cytokines.^[7]

TPA was first found in the croton plant, a shrub found in Southeast Asia, exposure to which provokes a poison ivy-like rash.^{[citation needed]} It underwent a phase 1 clinical trial.

References

^ Castagna et al. (1982). Journal of Biological Chemistry 257 (13): 7847–7851. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link)
^ Blumberg (1988). Cancer Research 48: 1–8. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link)
^ Niedel et al. (1983). "Phorbol Diester Receptor Copurifies with Protein Kinase C". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 80: 36–40. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.36.
^ Swindle (2002). The journal of Immunology 169: 5866–5873. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link).
^ Huang (2014). PLOS ONE (journal) 9: e96246. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link).
^ The AGT cytogenetics laboratory manual. 3rd ed. Barch, Margaret J., Knutsen, Turid., Spurbeck, Jack L., eds. 1997. Lippincott-Raven.
^ "Flow Cytometry Intracellular Staining Guide". eBioscience, Inc. Retrieved 2011-09-25.

External links

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
"NCI Dictionary Entry". Retrieved 2005-07-02.
"Phase 1 Clinical Trials". Retrieved 2005-07-02.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Evidence for a role of MRCK in mediating HeLa cell elongation induced by the C1 domain ligand HMI-1a3.

Talman V1, Gateva G2, Ahti M3, Ekokoski E3, Lappalainen P2, Tuominen RK3.Author information 1Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: virpi.talman@helsinki.fi.2Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.3Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.AbstractDiacylglycerol (DAG) is a central mediator of signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Therefore, C1 domain, the DAG binding site within protein kinase C (PKC) and other DAG effector proteins, is considered a potential cancer drug target. Derivatives of 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalic acid are a novel group of C1 domain ligands with antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects. Our previous work showed that these isophthalate derivatives exhibit antiproliferative and elongation-inducing effects in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. In this study we further characterized the effects of bis(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl) 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate (HMI-1a3) on HeLa cell proliferation and morphology. HMI-1a3-induced cell elongation was accompanied with loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, and exposure to HMI-1a3 induced a prominent relocation of cofilin-1 into the nucleus regardless of cell phenotype. The antiproliferative and morphological responses to HMI-1a3 were not modified by pharmacological inhibition or activation of PKC, or by RNAi knock-down of specific PKC isoforms, suggesting that the effects of HMI-1a3 were not mediated by PKC. Genome-wide gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis suggested that, among others, HMI-1a3 induces changes in small GTPase-mediated signaling pathways. Our experiments revealed that the isophthalates bind also to the C1 domains of β2-chimaerin, protein kinase D (PKD) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK), which are potential mediators of small GTPase signaling and cytoskeletal reorganization. Pharmacological inhibition of MRCK, but not that of PKD attenuated HMI-1a3-induced cell elongation, suggesting that MRCK participates in mediating the effects of HMI-1a3 on HeLa cell morphology.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.Eur J Pharm Sci.2014 May 13;55:46-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a central mediator of signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Therefore, C1 domain, the DAG binding site within protein kinase C (PKC) and other DAG effector proteins, is considered a potential cancer drug target. Derivatives of 5-(hydroxy
PMID 24486483
PMID 24512045
PMID 24096457

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「酢酸ミリスチン酸ホルボール」「phorbol myristate acetate」「PMA」「ホルボールミリステートアセテート」
関連記事	「myristate」「phorbol」

「酢酸ミリスチン酸ホルボール」

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
Names
	IUPAC name (1aR,1bS,4aR,7aS,7bS,8R,9R,9aS)-9a-(acetyloxy)-4a,7b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,6,8-tetramethyl-5-oxo-1a,1b,4,4a,5,7a,7b,8,9,9a-decahydro-H-cyclopropa[3,4]benzo[1,2-e]azulen-9-yl myristate
	Other names TPA, PMA, Phorbol myristate acetate,; Tetradecanoylphorbol acetate.
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	16561-29-8
ChEMBL	ChEMBL279115
ChemSpider	25977
	InChI InChI=1S/C36H56O8/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-29(39)43-32-24(3)35(42)27(30-33(5,6)36(30,32)44-25(4)38)20-26(22-37)21-34(41)28(35)19-23(2)31(34)40/h19-20,24,27-28,30,32,37,41-42H,7-18,21-22H2,1-6H3/t24-,27+,28-,30-,32-,34-,35-,36-/m1/s1 ; Key: PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N ; InChI=1/C36H56O8/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-29(39)43-32-24(3)35(42)27(30-33(5,6)36(30,32)44-25(4)38)20-26(22-37)21-34(41)28(35)19-23(2)31(34)40/h19-20,24,27-28,30,32,37,41-42H,7-18,21-22H2,1-6H3/t24-,27+,28-,30-,32-,34-,35-,36-/m1/s1; Key: PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBIBK ;
Jmol-3D images	Image; Image
KEGG	C05151
PubChem	27924
	SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@]2([C@@H](C=C(C[C@]3([C@H]2C=C(C3=O)C)O)CO)[C@H]4[C@@]1(C4(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C ; CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]2C(C)[C@]1(O)C4/C=C(/C)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)CC(\CO)=C/[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C3(C)C ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C36H56O8
Molar mass	616.83 g·mol−1
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references