phlebovirus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/01 19:55:11」(JST)

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Phleboviruses
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Bunyaviridae
Genus:	Phlebovirus
Type species
Rift Valley fever virus
Species
Adria virus Alenquer virus Ambe virus Arbia virus Arboledas virus Armero virus Arumowot virus Belterra virus Bhanja virus Bujaru virus Candiru virus Chagres virus Changuinola virus Chilibre virus Durania virus Essaouira virus Forecariah virus Frijoles virus Gabek Forest virus Gordil virus Granada virus Heartland virus Henan Fever virus Ixcanal virus Kala Iris virus Kismayo virus Joa virus Karimabad virus Lone Star virus Mariquita virus Massilia virus Naples virus Odrenisrou virus Pacui virus Palma virus Punta Toro virus Rift Valley fever virus Rio Grande virus Salehebad virus Salobo virus Soldado virus Saint Floris virus Sandfly fever Naples virus Sandfly fever Sicilian virus SFTS virus Toscana virus Tunis virus Uukuniemi virus

Phlebovirus is one of five genera of the family Bunyaviridae. The Phlebovirus genus currently comprises over 70 antigenically distinct serotypes, only a few of which have been studied. 68 of the known serotypes are divided into two groups: the Phlebotomus fever viruses (the sandfly group, transmitted by Phlebotominae sandflies) comprises 55 members and the Uukuniemi group (transmitted by ticks) comprises the remaining 13 members.

Virology

Phleboviruses are class V viruses with a segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The genome comprises 3 segments, one of which uses an ambisense coding strategy. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs. The medium sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA polymerase.

They cause symptoms ranging from short self-limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever, to encephalitis and fatal haemorrhagic fever.

Taxonomy

According to the ICTV, the genus Phlebovirus consists of nine species: Bujaru virus, Candiru virus, Chilibre virus, Frijoles virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift valley fever virus (the type species), Salehad virus, Sandfly fever Naples virus and Uukuniemi virus.

Clinical

Eight viruses have been linked to disease in humans. They are: Alenquer virus, Candiru virus, Chagres virus, Naples virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift Valley fever, Sicilian virus and Toscana virus.

Recently identified is another human pathogenic serotype, the SFTS virus.

A still more recent discovery (2009) is a novel phlebovirus (Heartland virus) that has been associated with febrile illness in Missouri, USA. It was identified again in 2012-2013 in Missouri with one case identified in Tennessee. The virus has been found to be transmitted by the Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) in 2013. This would be the first tick-borne phlebovirus known to cause disease in the Western Hemisphere.

Serogroups

There are ten recognised serocomplexes

Aguacate serocomplex

• Aguacate virus
• Armero virus
• Durania virus
• Ixcanal virus

Bhanja virus serocomplex

• Bhanja virus (BHAV)
• Forecariah (FORV)
• Heartland virus (HRTV)
• Kismayo (KISV)
• Lone Star virus (LSV)
• Palma (PALV)
• Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTSV)

Candiru serocomplex

• Candiru virus

Frijoles serocomplex

• Frijoles virus

Icoaraci serocomplex

• Icoaraci virus

Salehabad serocomplex

• Adria virus
• Arbia virus
• Salehabad virus

Sandfly fever serocomplex

The sandfly serocomplex is divided into two groups: Naples and Sicilian

Sandfly fever Naples group

• Granada virus
• Massila virus
• Punique virus
• Sandfly fever Naples virus
• Toscana virus

Sandfly fever Sicilian group

• Belterra virus
• Chagres virus
• Corfu virus
• Rift Valley fever virus
• Sandfly fever Cyprus virus
• Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
• Sandfly fever Turkey virus

Simbu serocomplex

• Pintupo viruses
• Simbu virus
• Utive virus
• Utinga virus

Punta Toro serocomplex

• Punta Toro virus

Uukuniemi serocomplex

• Catch-me-cave virus
• Grand Arbaud virus
• Henan Fever virus
• Heartland virus
• Komandory virus
• Malsoor virus
• Manawa virus
• Rukutama virus

• Murre virus group
  • Murre virus
  • RML-105-105355 virus
  • Sunday Canyon virus

• Precarious Point virus
• Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

• Uukuniemi virus group
  • Uukuniemi virus
  • EgAn 1825-61 virus
  • Fin V707 virus
  • Chize virus
  • Zaliv Terpenia virus

Unclassified viruses

• Bradypus-4 virus

References

External links

• Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of Bunyaviruses are class II viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes)
• Course BS335: Virology
• Phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analyses
• Viralzone: Phlebovirus

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 血小板減少症候群ウイルスによる重度の発熱 severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
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English Journal

• Application of recombinant severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein for the detection of SFTSV-specific human IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect ELISA.

• Yu F1, Du Y2, Huang X3, Ma H4, Xu B5, Adungo F6, Hayasaka D7, Buerano CC8, Morita K9.
• Virology journal.Virol J.2015 Aug 4;12(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12985-015-0350-0.
• BACKGROUND: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease that was first reported in China in 2011. It is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) which is a member of the Phlebovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. SFTSV has been classified as a BSL3 pathogen. There is a need to d
• PMID 26239826

• Virus isolation, genetic characterization, and seroprevalence of Toscana virus in Algeria.

• Alkan C1, Allal-Ikhlef AB2, Alwassouf S1, Baklouti A1, Piorkowski G1, de Lamballerie X1, Izri A3, Charrel RN4.
• Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.Clin Microbiol Infect.2015 Jul 30. pii: S1198-743X(15)00729-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.07.012. [Epub ahead of print]
• Toscana virus (TOSV; Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) is transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Mediterranean area. One strain of TOSV was isolated from a total of almost 23,000 sandflies collected in Kabylia, Algeria. The complete genome was sequenced and phylogenetic studies indicated
• PMID 26235198

• Genome-wide analysis of synonymous codon usage in Huaiyangshan virus and other bunyaviruses.

• Luo X1,2, Liu Q3, Xiong Y1,2, Ye C1,2, Jin D1,2, Xu J1,2.
• Journal of basic microbiology.J Basic Microbiol.2015 Jul 15. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201500233. [Epub ahead of print]
• Huaiyangshan virus (HYSV) is a newly discovered bunyavirus, which is transmitted by ticks and causes hemorrhagic fever-like illness in human. The interplay of codon usage among viruses and their hosts is expected to affect viral survival, evasion from host's immune system and evolution. However, lit
• PMID 26173646

Japanese Journal

• 小西賞受賞者 重症熱性血小板減少症候群(SFTS)

• 山口医学 = Yamaguchi medical journal 65(1), 31-38, 2016-02
• NAID 120005723603

• Ulcerative lesions with hemorrhage in a patient with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome observed via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

• Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005118409

• Application of recombinant severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein for the detection of SFTSV-specific human IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect ELISA

• Virology Journal 12, 117, 2015-08-04
• NAID 120005649210