English Journal

Analytically monitored digestion of silver nanoparticles and their toxicity on human intestinal cells.

Böhmert L1, Girod M, Hansen U, Maul R, Knappe P, Niemann B, Weidner SM, Thünemann AF, Lampen A.Author information 1BfR Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany.AbstractOrally ingested nanoparticles may overcome the gastrointestinal barrier, reach the circulatory system, be distributed in the organism and cause adverse health effects. However, ingested nanoparticles have to pass through different physicochemical environments, which may alter their properties before they reach the intestinal cells. In this study, silver nanoparticles are characterised physicochemically during the course of artificial digestion to simulate the biochemical processes occurring during digestion. Their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells was investigated using the Caco-2 cell model. Using field-flow fractionation combined with dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering, the authors found that particles only partially aggregate as a result of the digestive process. Cell viabilities were determined by means of CellTiter-Blue® assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-staining and real-time impedance. These measurements reveal small differences between digested and undigested particles (1-100 µg/ml or 1-69 particles/cell). The findings suggest that silver nanoparticles may indeed overcome the gastrointestinal juices in their particulate form without forming large quantities of aggregates. Consequently, the authors presume that the particles can reach the intestinal epithelial cells after ingestion with only a slight reduction in their cytotoxic potential. The study indicates that it is important to determine the impact of body fluids on the nanoparticles of interest to provide a reliable interpretation of their nano-specific cytotoxicity testing in vivo and in vitro.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8(6):631-42. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.815284.
Orally ingested nanoparticles may overcome the gastrointestinal barrier, reach the circulatory system, be distributed in the organism and cause adverse health effects. However, ingested nanoparticles have to pass through different physicochemical environments, which may alter their properties before
PMID 23763544

Enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity in combination with herniarin in vitro.

Haghighitalab A1, Matin MM, Bahrami AR, Iranshahi M, Haghighi F, Porsa H.Author information 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran .AbstractAbstract Combinatorial chemotherapy is a valuable route, which can be conducted by different approaches. Use of cisplatin has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for different kinds of cancers including bladder cancer. Herniarin is a member of simple coumarins, which are a group of common secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, the enhancing effects of herniarin on cisplatin cytotoxicity were investigated. Cytotoxicity of herniarin on transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells was first investigated in comparison with umbelliferone, the parent compound for a large number of coumarins including herniarin, by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In order to test the effects of herniarin on cisplatin cytotoxicity, TCC cells were also treated with various combining concentrations of herniarin and cisplatin. In these experiments same amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide were used as controls. After 24, 48 and 72 h of treatments, the effects of herniarin on cisplatin cytotoxicity were evaluated by MTT assay. The level of chromatin condensation which represents the apoptotic morphology was also investigated by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Results indicated that unlike umbelliferone, its methoxy analog, herniarin, had no significant cytotoxicity on TCC cells. On the other hand, the combination of 80 µg/mL herniarin with 5 µg/mL cisplatin, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Furtheremore, DAPI staining revealed that combining concentrations of herniarin and cisplatin resulted in increased chromatin condensation in comparison with controls. This study is another confirmation for bioactivity of herniarin and shows that it might be a good candidate for further experiments investigating its mechanism of action.
Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2014 Apr;37(2):156-62. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834354. Epub 2013 Oct 14.
Abstract Combinatorial chemotherapy is a valuable route, which can be conducted by different approaches. Use of cisplatin has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for different kinds of cancers including bladder cancer. Herniarin is a member of simple coumarins, which are a group o
PMID 24116377

The effect of tributyltin chloride on Caenorhabditis elegans germline is mediated by a conserved DNA damage checkpoint pathway.

Cheng Z1, Tian H2, Chu H1, Wu J1, Li Y1, Wang Y3.Author information 1State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.2Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.3State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. Electronic address: wangyh@xmu.edu.cn.AbstractTributyltin (TBT), one of the environmental pollutants, has been shown to impact the reproduction of animals. However, due to the lack of appropriate animal model, analysis of the affected molecular pathways in germ cells is lagging and has been particularly challenging. In the present study, we investigated the effects of tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We show that exposure of C. elegans to TBTCL causes significantly elevated level of sterility and embryonic lethality. TBTCL exposure results in an increased number of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks in germ cells, subsequently leading to activated DNA damage checkpoint. Exposing C. elegans to TBTCL causes dose- and time-dependent germline apoptosis. This apoptotic response was blocked in loss-of-function mutants of hus-1 (op241), mrt-2 (e2663) and p53/cep-1 (gk138), indicating that checkpoints and p53 are essential for mediating TBTCL-induced germ cell apoptosis. Moreover, TBTCL exposure can inhibit germ cell proliferation, which is also mediated by the conserved checkpoint pathway. We thereby propose that TBT exhibits its effects on the germline by inducing DNA damage and impaired maintenance of genomic integrity. Index Descriptors and Abbreviations: TBTCL, tributyltin chloride; C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans; NGM, nematode growth medium; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DAPI, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DSBs, DNA double-strand breaks.
Toxicology letters.Toxicol Lett.2014 Mar 21;225(3):413-21. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
Tributyltin (TBT), one of the environmental pollutants, has been shown to impact the reproduction of animals. However, due to the lack of appropriate animal model, analysis of the affected molecular pathways in germ cells is lagging and has been particularly challenging. In the present study, we inv
PMID 24445071

Japanese Journal

シイタケのホモタリック変異菌株の担子胞子形成場面における核行動

霜村典宏,小林紳也,村上重幸,長谷部公三郎
日本きのこ学会誌 : mushroom science and biotechnology 19(2), 88-92, 2011-07-31
… 減数分裂が正常に行われ,減数分裂後に小柄が形成されることが判明した.四分子核の体細胞分裂が担子胞子において一度生じた.また,非同調の核移動を示唆する担子器が認められた.担子胞子を4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride(DAPI)染色して蛍光顕微鏡で観察したところ,野生型のシイタケ菌株では90%以上が1核の担子胞子であったが,変異菌株では核数に異常が認められた.すなわち,半数近くがDAPI陰性であり,約30%が1核,そ …
NAID 110008711283

Epigenetic Assessment of Environmental Chemicals Detected in Maternal Peripheral and Cord Blood Samples

ARAI Yoshikazu,OHGANE Jun,YAGI Shintaro,ITO Rie,IWASAKI Yusuke,SAITO Koichi,AKUTSU Kazuhiko,TAKATORI Satoshi,ISHII Rie,HAYASHI Rumiko,IZUMI Shun-Ichiro,SUGINO Norihiro,KONDO Fumio,HORIE Masakazu,NAKAZAWA Hiroyuki,MAKINO Tsunehisa,SHIOTA Kunio
Journal of Reproduction and Development advpub(0), 1105180376, 2011
… Twenty-five chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals and their metabolites, were assessed for their effect on the epigenetic status of mouse ESCs by monitoring heterochromatin stained with 4¢,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). …
NAID 130000845756