WordNet

a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
capable of functioning as a phagocyte

PrepTutorEJDIC

空胞,液胞(細胞内にあり分泌液を含む小腔)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/18 18:07:08」(JST)

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In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle absorbed by phagocytosis. The vacuole is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around the particle. A phagosome is a cellular compartment in which pathogenic microorganisms can be killed and digested. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes in their maturation process, forming phagolysosomes.

Some bacterial pathogens that enter cells inside phagosomes either reproduce inside of the formed phagolysosome (Coxiella spp.)^[1] or escape into the cytoplasm before the phagosome fuses with the lysosome (Rickettsia spp.).^[2] Many mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis ^[3] ^[4] and Mycobacteria avium paratuberculosis ^[5] , manipulate the host macrophage to prevent nitrous acid-containing lysosomes from fusing with phagosomes and creating mature phagolysosomes. Such incomplete maturation of the phagosome maintains an environment favorable to the pathogens inside it. ^[6]

References

^ Hackstadt T and Williams J C "Biochemical stratagem for obligate parasitism of eukaryotic cells by Coxiella burnetii." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981 May; 78(5) 3240–3244.
^ Winkler H H "Rickettsia Species (As Organisms)" Annual Review of Microbiology Vol. 44: 131-153
^ MacMicking, JD; Taylor, GA; McKinney, JD (2003). "Immune control of tuberculosis by IFN-γ –inducible LRG-47". Science 302 (5645): 654–659. doi:10.1126/science.1088063. PMID 14576437.
^ Vandal, OH; Pierini, LM; Schnappinger, D; Nathan, CF; Ehrt, S (August 2008). "A membrane protein preserves intrabacterial pH in intraphagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Nat Med. 14 (8): 849–854. doi:10.1038/nm.1795. PMC 2538620. PMID 18641659.
^ Kuehnel, MP; Goethe R; Habermann A; Mueller E; Rohde M; Griffiths G; Valentin-Weigand P. (August 2001). "Characterization of the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis: phagosomal pH and fusogenicity in J774 macrophages compared with other mycobacteria". Cell Microbiol. 3 (8): 551–566. doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00139.x. PMID 11488816.
^ Tessema, MZ; Koets AP; Rutten VP; Gruys E. (November 2001). "How does Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis resist intracellular degradation?". Vet Q. 23 (4): 153–162. doi:10.1080/01652176.2001.9695105. PMID 11765232.

External links

MeSH A11.284.195.190.875.190.700

UpToDate Contents

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1. 運動以外の好中球機能 neutrophil functions other than movement
2. 赤痢菌感染の疫学、微生物学、および病因 epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis of shigella infection
3. 自然免疫系の概要 an overview of the innate immune system
4. 貧食細胞機能の原発性疾患：概要 primary disorders of phagocytic function an overview
5. 慢性肉芽腫性疾患：治療および予後 chronic granulomatous disease treatment and prognosis

English Journal

An ultrastructural study, effects of Proteus vulgaris OX19 on the rabbit spleen cells.

Gul N, Ozkorkmaz EG, Kelesoglu I, Ozluk A.SourceAnkara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey.
Micron (Oxford, England : 1993).Micron.2013 Jan;44:133-6. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.05.010. Epub 2012 Jun 9.
Effects of Proteus vulgaris OX19 on the spleen cells of rabbits were investigated. Control group (n=5) and Proteus treated group (n=5) of New Zealand male rabbits were used in this study. Bacteria were injected to the rabbits in five days periods with increasing dosages for one month. Thin sections
PMID 22726264

Preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Megavirus superoxide dismutase.

Lartigue A, Philippe N, Jeudy S, Abergel C.SourceInformation Génomique et Structurale, IGS UMR7256, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, IMM, FR3479, 163 Avenue de Luminy-case 934, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications.Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun.2012 Dec 1;68(Pt 12):1557-9. doi: 10.1107/S174430911204657X. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
Megavirus chilensis, a close relative of the Mimivirus giant virus, is able to replicate in Acanthamoeba castellanii. The first step of viral infection involves the internalization of the virions in host vacuoles. It has been experimentally demonstrated that Mimivirus particles contain many proteins
PMID 23192047

Japanese Journal

［総説］細菌性赤痢の病態形成における感染と宿主応答の分子機構

鈴木敏彦,Suzuki Toshihiko,琉球大学医学研究科感染分子生物学講座病原因子解析学分野
琉球医学会誌 = Ryukyu Medical Journal 26(1・2), 9-18, 2007
… Meanwhile, a bacterium release from the macrophages enters enterocytes via the basolateral surface by directing membrane ruffling and macropmocytosis, The bacterium is surrounded by a phagocytic vacuole; …
NAID 120001943910

Reassessment of the microbicidal activity of reactive oxygen species and hypochlorous acid with reference to the phagocytic vacuole of the neutrophil granulocyte