点状出血
WordNet
- a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 出血,(特に)大量出血 / 多量に出血する
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/26 13:38:07」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Petechia |
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| Petechia and purpura on the low limb due to medication-induced vasculitis |
| Pronunciation |
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
Rheumatology |
| ICD-10 |
R23.3 |
| ICD-9-CM |
782.7 |
| MeSH |
D011693 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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A petechia, plural petechiae, is a small (1–2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels.[1]
Petechia refers to one of the three descriptive types of bleeding into the skin differentiated by size, the other two being purpura and ecchymosis. Petechiae are by definition less than 3 mm.
The term is almost always used in the plural, since a single lesion is seldom noticed or significant.
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 1.1 Physical trauma
- 1.2 Non-infectious conditions
- 1.3 Infectious conditions
- 2 Forensic science
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Causes
Physical trauma
- Coughing, holding breath, vomiting, crying - The most common cause of petechiae is through physical trauma such as a hard bout of coughing, holding breath, vomiting or crying, which can result in facial petechiae, especially around the eyes. Such instances are harmless and usually disappear within a few days.
- Constriction, Asphyxiation - Petechiae may also occur when excessive pressure is applied to tissue (e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity or with excessive coughing or vomiting).
- Sunburn, childbirth, weightlifting[2]
- Gua Sha, a Chinese treatment that scrapes the skin
- High-G training
- Hickey
- Asphyxiation
- Choking Game
- Oral sex[3]
Non-infectious conditions
- Vitamin C deficiency, scurvy[2]
- Vitamin K deficiency[2]
- Leukemia[2]
- Thrombocytopenia - Low platelet counts or diminished platelet function (e.g., as a side effect of medications or during certain infections) can give rise to petechial spots[1]
- clotting factor deficiencies - (Von Willebrand disease)
- Hypocalcemia
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Celiac Disease
- Aplastic anaemia
- Lupus
- Kwashiorkor or Marasmus - Childhood protein-energy malnutrition such as Kwashiorkor or Marasmus
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Henoch–Schönlein purpura
- Kawasaki disease
- Schamberg's disease
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
- Sjogren's Syndrome - Petechial spots could occur due to vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessels. In such a case immediate treatment is needed to prevent permanent damage. Some malignancies can also cause petechiae to appear.
Infectious conditions
- Babesiosis
- Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
- Boutonneuse fever
- Chikungunya
- Cerebral malaria
- Congenital syphilis
- Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
- Cytomegalovirus
- Dengue fever
- Dukes' disease
- Ebola
- Endocarditis
- Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
- Hantavirus
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Marburg virus
- Neisseria meningitidis - Petechiae in children can occur with viral infections. In such cases, they do not necessarily signify something serious. However, potentially serious illnesses, such as meningococcemia can cause death within 48 hours of infection and therefore, their presence should not be ignored.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Scarlet fever
- Typhus[4]
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Petechiae on the soft palate are mainly associated with streptococcal pharyngitis,[5] and as such it is an uncommon but highly specific finding.[6]
Forensic science
Petechiae on the face and conjunctiva (eyes) can be a sign of a death by asphyxiation, particularly when involving reduced venous return from the head (such as in strangulation). Petechiae are thought to result from an increase of pressure in the veins of the head and hypoxic damage to endothelia of blood vessels.[7]
Petechiae can be used by police investigators in determining if strangulation has been part of an attack. The documentation of the presence of petechiae on a victim can help police investigators prove the case.[8] Petechiae resulting from strangulation can be relatively tiny and light in color to very bright and pronounced. Petechiae may be seen on the face, in the whites of the eyes or on the inside of the eyelids.
See also
- Purpura, which is the mid-sized type of hematoma (3mm-1 cm)
- Ecchymoses, which is the large type of hematoma (>1 cm)
References
|
Look up petechia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Petechiae. |
- ^ a b Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 86 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1
- ^ a b c d "Causes".
- ^ Schlesinger, SL; Borbotsina, J; O'Neill, L (September 1975). "Petechial hemorrhages of the soft palate secondary to fellatio.". Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 40 (3): 376–8. PMID 1080847.
- ^ Grayson MD, Charlotte (2006-09-26). "Typhus". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
- ^ http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/tonsillitis.cfm Fact Sheet: Tonsillitis] from American Academy of Otolaryngology. "Updated 1/11". Retrieved November 2011
- ^ Brook I, Dohar JE (December 2006). "Management of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children". J Fam Pract. 55 (12): S1–11; quiz S12. PMID 17137534.
- ^ Ely, Susan F.; Charles S. Hirsch (2000). "Ashpyxial deaths and petechiae: a review" (PDF). Journal of Forensic Science. 45 (6): 1274–1277. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
- ^ "Investigating Domestic Violence Strangulation". BlueSheepdog.com. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
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Symptoms and signs: skin and subcutaneous tissue (R20–R23, 782)
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Disturbances of
skin sensation |
- Hypoesthesia
- Paresthesia
- Hyperesthesia
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| Circulation |
- Cyanosis
- Pallor/Livedo
- Flushing
- Petechia
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| Edema |
- Peripheral edema
- Anasarca
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| Other |
- Rash
- Desquamation
- Induration
- Diaphoresis
- Mass
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| Skin |
- Asboe-Hansen sign
- Auspitz's sign
- Borsari's sign
- Braverman's sign
- Crowe sign
- Dennie–Morgan fold
- Darier's sign
- Fitzpatrick's sign
- Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
- Gottron's sign
- Hutchinson's sign
- Janeway lesion
- Kerr's sign
- Koebner's phenomenon
- Koplik's spots
- Leser-Trelat sign
- Nikolsky's sign
- Pastia's sign
- Russell's sign
- Wickham striae
- Wolf's isotopic response
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| Nails |
- Aldrich-Mees' lines
- Beau's lines
- Muehrcke's lines
- Terry's nails
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Disorders of blood flow
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| Decreases |
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Clots
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- Thrombus
- Thrombosis
- Renal vein thrombosis
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Ischemia
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- Brain ischemia
- Ischaemic heart disease
- large intestine: Ischemic colitis
- small intestine: Mesenteric ischemia
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Infarction
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| Increases |
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Hemorrhage
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- Bruise/Hematoma
- Petechia
- Purpura
- Ecchymosis
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- head
- Epistaxis
- Hemoptysis
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Hyphema
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- torso
- Hemothorax
- Hemopericardium
- Pulmonary hematoma
- abdomen
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Haemobilia
- Hemoperitoneum
- Hematocele
- Hematosalpinx
- joint
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Edema
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- Anasarca
- Angioedema/Lymphedema
- Exudate/Transudate
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- Cerebral edema
- Pulmonary edema
- Hydrothorax
- Ascites/hydroperitoneum
- Hydrosalpinx
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Other
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Pigmented purpuric dermatosis after taking a dietary supplement.
- Unal E1, Ergül G2.
- Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2016 Sep;35(3):260-2. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1094488. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
- Pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPDs) are a group of histologically similar skin eruptions characterized by a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with extravasated erythrocytes. The etiologies of these conditions are unknown, but triggering factors such as systemic diseases, infections, drugs, and fo
- PMID 26555283
- Correlation of Notch1/Hes1 Genes Expression Levels in Egyptian Paediatric Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Persistent Primary Immune(Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
- Gawdat RM1, Hammam AA1, Ezzat DA2.
- Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus.2016 Sep;32(3):362-7. doi: 10.1007/s12288-015-0570-x. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
- Notch signalling is involved in the development of several autoimmune diseases, one of such diseases is ITP. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression levels of Notch1 receptor and its target Hes1 gene in Egyptian paediatric ITP patients. Real-time quantitative reverse tran
- PMID 27429531
- Evaluation of the Hemostatic Disorders in Adolescent Girls with Menorrhagia: Experiences from a Tertiary Referral Hospital.
- Karaman K1, Ceylan N2, Karaman E3, Akbayram S1, Akbayram HT4, Kaba S5, Garipardıç M1, Öner AF1.
- Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus.2016 Sep;32(3):356-61. doi: 10.1007/s12288-015-0583-5. Epub 2015 Aug 22.
- Bleeding disorders are a common cause of menorrhagia in the adolescent age group. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of hemostatic disorders, using clinical and laboratory findings of bleeding disorders in adolescent girls with menorrhagia. A retrospective chart review used to evaluate adolescent gi
- PMID 27429530
Japanese Journal
- Low Incidence of Esophageal Lesions After Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using Contact-Force Sensing Catheter Without Esophageal Temperature Probe
- 大腸腺腫に伴った<i>Streptococcus gallolyticus </i>subsp. <i>gallolyticus </i>に よる感染性心内膜炎の1 例
- <i>Leptospira interrogans </i>serovar Hebdomadisによる豚異常産事例
Related Links
- hemorrhage [hem´ŏ-rij] the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel; it can be either external or internal. Blood from an artery is bright red in color and comes in spurts; that from a vein is dark red and comes in a steady flow. Aside from ...
- hem·or·rhage (hĕm′ər-ĭj) n. 1. Excessive discharge of blood from the blood vessels; profuse bleeding. 2. A copious loss of something valuable: a hemorrhage of corporate earnings. v. hem·or·rhaged, hem·or·rhag·ing, hem·or·rhag·es v.intr.
★リンクテーブル★
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- petechial hemorrhage, punctate hemorrhage
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- dot hemorrhage、petechia、petechiae、petechial hemorrhage
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