WordNet

toward or on the left; also used figuratively; "he looked right and left"; "the political party has moved left"
a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east; "take a left at the corner"
the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left" (同)left_hand
those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare (同)left wing
location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east; "she stood on the left"
intended for the left hand; "I rarely lose a left-hand glove" (同)left-hand
being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; "my left hand"; "left center field"; "the left bank of a river is bank on your left side when you are facing downstream"
of or belonging to the political or intellectual left
of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior ruler"
one of greater rank or station or quality (同)higher-up, superordinate
the head of a religious community
(often followed by `to'
(sometimes followed by `to'
having an orbit farther from the sun than the Earths orbit; "Mars and Jupiter are the closest in of the superior planets"
of high or superior quality or performance; "superior wisdom derived from experience"; "superior math students"
never-ceasing; "the relentless beat of the drums" (同)relentless, unrelenting
retained; not shed; "persistent leaves remain attached past maturity"; "the persistent gills of fishes" (同)lasting
a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth

PrepTutorEJDIC

leaveの過去・過去分詞
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『左の』,左方の / 《しばしばl-》(政治上の)左翼の,左派の,革新派の / 左に,左方に / 《通例 the ~》『左』,左方,左側 / 《しばしばthe L-》左翼の政党(団体),左派 / 〈U〉(野球で)左翼,レフト(left field);〈C〉左翼手(left fielder) / 〈C〉(ボクシングで)左手打ち
(程度・質が)『普通(平均)以上に優れた』,優秀な / (地位・階級などが)『上位の』,上級の,目上の / (数量的に)勝る,優勢な / (用動が)偉ぶった,高慢な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)屈しない,動じない《+to+名》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(動・植物の器官や部分が)上位の,上についている / (地位・階級などが)『上位の人』,上役,上司,先輩 / 『いっそう優れた人』 / 《しばしば S-》修道院長
(反対・困難にもくじけず)『あくまでもやり抜く』,ねばり強い,執ような / いつまでも続く,持続する(lasting)
スペリオル湖(lake~;北米五大湖中で最北最大のもの)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/22 00:40:35」(JST)

wiki en

In anatomy, a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system,^[1]^[2] is prevalent in 0.3% of the population,^[3] and an embryologic remnant that results from a failure to involute.

Presentation[edit]

In PLSVC, the left brachiocephalic vein does not develop fully and the left upper limb and head & neck drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.

The variation, in isolation, is considered benign, but is very frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities (e.g. ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect) that have a significant mortality and morbidity.^[4] It is more frequent in patients with congenital heart defects.^[5]

References[edit]

^ Pahwa R, Kumar A (May 2003). "Persistent left superior vena cava: an intensivist's experience and review of the literature". South. Med. J. 96 (5): 528–9. PMID 12911199. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Testa A, Vidan J, et al. (September 2004). "Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus: report of 10 cases and literature review". Clin Cardiol 27 (9): 515–8. PMID 15471164. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Freedom RM, Culham JAG, Moes CAF (1984). Angiography of Congenital Heart Disease. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
^ Berg C, Knüppel M, Geipel A, et al. (March 2006). "Prenatal diagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava and its associated congenital anomalies". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27 (3): 274–80. doi:10.1002/uog.2704. PMID 16456841. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Bjerregaard P, Laursen HB (January 1980). "Persistent left superior vena cava. Incidence, associated congenital heart defects and frontal plane P-wave axis in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease". Acta Paediatr Scand 69 (1): 105–8. PMID 7368902. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

External links[edit]

Radiograph of a persistent left SVC — learningradiology.com.

UpToDate Contents

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1. コントラスト心エコー検査：臨床応用 contrast echocardiography clinical applications
2. 総肺静脈還流異常症 total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
3. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の病態生理および臨床的特徴 pathophysiology and clinical features of atrial septal defects in adults
4. 小児における孤立性心房中隔欠損の臨床的特徴および分類 classification and clinical features of isolated atrial septal defects in children
5. ターナー症候群（性腺発育不全）の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of turner syndrome gonadal dysgenesis

English Journal

Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome and Congenital Heart Defects: Presentation of an Additional 32 Cases.

Hills CB, Kochilas L, Schimmenti LA, Moller JH.SourceDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Minnesota, MMC 94 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA, chills@chc-pa.org.
Pediatric cardiology.Pediatr Cardiol.2011 Oct;32(7):977-82. Epub 2011 May 1.
Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is a rare genetic abnormality that has been linked to a mutation in the EVC or EVC2 genes. Common atrium (CA) is an uncommon cardiac malformation, and yet it is commonly found in patients with EVC. We performed a retrospective review of the cases submitted to the Ped
PMID 21533779

Long-term survival in TARP syndrome and confirmation of RBM10 as the disease-causing gene.

Gripp KW, Hopkins E, Johnston JJ, Krause C, Dobyns WB, Biesecker LG.SourceDivision of Medical Genetics, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware. kgripp@nemours.org.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2011 Sep 9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34190. [Epub ahead of print]
TARP syndrome, comprising Talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect (ASD), Robin sequence (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate), and persistence of the left superior vena cava, is an X-linked condition with pre- or postnatal lethality in affected males. Based on linkage studies and massivel
PMID 21910224

Japanese Journal

症例巨大冠状静脈洞を伴う連合弁膜症に対して再手術を行った1例

新垣正美,小出昌秋,國井佳文 [他]
胸部外科 64(5), 410-413, 2011-05
NAID 40018814362

Successful Catheter Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation in Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

Tsutsui Kenta,Ajiki Kohsuke,Fujiu Katsuhito,Imai Yasushi,Hayami Noriyuki,Murakawa Yuji
International Heart Journal 51(1), 72-74, 2010
… Atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) were observed in a 21-year old male who had a history of patch closure for an atrial septal defect (ASD) at the age of 5 and a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC). …
NAID 130000162400