pernio

凍瘡

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/26 11:45:31」(JST)

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Chilblain
Toes inflamed by chilblains
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Emergency medicine
ICD-10	T69.1
ICD-9-CM	991.5
DiseasesDB	31219
eMedicine	derm/322
MeSH	D002647

Chilblains (/ˈtʃɪlbleɪnz/) — also known as pernio and perniosis — is a medical condition that occurs when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity, causing tissue damage. It is often confused with frostbite and trench foot. Damage to capillary beds in the skin causes redness, itching, inflammation, and sometimes blisters. Chilblains can be reduced by keeping the feet and hands warm in cold weather, and avoiding extreme temperature changes. Chilblains can be idiopathic (spontaneous and unrelated to another disease), but may also be a manifestation of another serious medical condition that needs to be investigated. A history of chilblains is suggestive of a connective tissue disease (such as lupus). Chilblains in infants, together with severe neurologic disease and unexplained fevers, can be seen in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, a rare inherited condition.

Signs and symptoms

Chilblains from excessively icing the feet

The areas most affected are the toes, fingers, earlobes, nose.

• Blistering of affected area
• Burning and itching sensation in extremities
• Dermatitis in extremities
• Digital ulceration (severe cases only)
• Erythema (blanchable redness of the skin)
• Pain in affected area
• Skin discoloration, red to dark blue

Chilblains usually heal within 7–14 days.

Prevention

Exposure

• Avoid rapid changes in temperature (including from cold to hot).
• Wear warm shoes, socks and gloves.
• Wear a hat and a scarf to protect the ears and the nose.
• Avoid tight fitting socks/shoes.
• Place cotton wool between the toes to improve circulation.
• Recommend soaking in warm water with Epsom salts for 15–20 minutes, 3–4 times a day. Avoid very hot water.

Other

• Healthy diet, low in inflammatory foods
• Exercise at least four times a week to improve circulation

Treatment

• Keep area warm, and avoid any extreme temperature changes (including very hot water).
• Keep affected area dry.
• Use a topical steroid cream to relieve itch.
• Nifedipine, a vasodilator, may be used in more severe or recurrent cases.Vasodilation helps reduce pain, facilitate healing and prevent recurrences. It is typically available in an oral pill but can be compounded into a topical formula.
• Diltiazem, a vasodilator, may also be used.
• Apply a mixture of friar's balsam and a weak iodine solution.
• Avoid restricting the affected area.

History

The medieval Bald's Leechbook recommended that chilblains be treated with a mix of eggs, wine, and fennel root.

See also

• Erythrocyanosis crurum
• Equestrian perniosis
• Frostbite

References

External links

• DermAtlas 1683395337

• Cold stress, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
•  "Chilblains". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 134. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 凍瘡（しもやけ） pernio chilblains
• 2. 全身性エリテマトーデスの皮膚粘膜症状 mucocutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
• 3. サルコイドーシスの皮膚症状 cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis
• 4. 凍傷 frostbite
• 5. クリオフィブリノゲン血症 cryofibrinogenemia

English Journal

• Lupus pernio - a patient case study.

• Shah A1, Lakhani R, Panesar J.
• Journal of visual communication in medicine.J Vis Commun Med.2014 May;37(1-2):19-23. doi: 10.3109/17453054.2014.911153. Epub 2014 May 7.
• Abstract An 80 year old female patient was seen in the Otolaryngology department with a skin manifestation of her sarcoidosis, known as lupus pernio. Around 25% of patients with sarcoidosis have skin disease and the presence of lupus pernio may suggest a more aggressive form of the disease. Photogra
• PMID 24802044

• Does pernio cause nail dystrophy?

• Ozuguz P, Kacar SD, Karaca S.
• JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.J Pak Med Assoc.2014 Mar;64(3):349-50.
• Pernio is an abnormal inflammatory response to moisture and cold. It is characterized with inflammatory, erythema or violet, painful or itchy cutaneous lesions affecting distal extremities, particularly the fingers and toes. It is more common in women. A literature search showed no reports of nail d
• PMID 24864616

• Tender macules and papules on the toes.

• Mireku KA, Glover MH, Davis L.
• JAMA dermatology.JAMA Dermatol.2014 Mar;150(3):329-30. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6717.
• PMID 24429477

Japanese Journal

• 症例 第1趾の凍瘡様皮疹を伴ったサルコイドーシスの1例

• 清水 聖子,永山 博敏,大津 玉緒 [他]
• 皮膚科の臨床 55(10), 1273-1277, 2013-10
• NAID 40019835532

• 教育セミナー 皮膚サルコイドーシス

• 伊崎 誠一
• 日本サルコイドーシス／肉芽腫性疾患学会雑誌 32(1), 27-31, 2012
• NAID 130003379757

• 中條-西村症候群

• 金澤 伸雄,有馬 和彦,井田 弘明,吉浦 孝一郎,古川 福実
• 日本臨床免疫学会会誌 = Japanese journal of clinical immunology 34(5), 388-400, 2011-10-31
•   中條—西村症候群（ORPHA 2615, MIM 256040）は，幼小児期に凍瘡様皮疹で発症し，弛張熱や結節性紅斑様皮疹を伴いながら，次第に顔面・上肢を中心とした上半身のやせと拘縮を伴う長く節くれだった指趾が明らかになる特異な遺伝性炎症・消耗性疾患である．和歌山，大阪を中心とした関西と東北，関東地方に偏在し，30例近い報告がある．全国疫学調査で生存が確認された関西の10症例に加え，新規幼児例 …
• NAID 10029898048

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「凍瘡」

「凍瘡」

　　[★]

英

chilblain, frostbite

ラ

pernio

同

凍傷、しもやけ