WordNet

not capable of being reversed or returned to the original condition; "permanent brain damage"
continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place; "permanent secretary to the president"; "permanent address"; "literature of permanent value" (同)lasting
the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal (同)teeth

PrepTutorEJDIC

『永久の』不変の / 常設の,常置の / =permanent wave
歯の状態(歯の数・種類・歯列など) / 歯牙(しが)の発生

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/26 16:13:05」(JST)

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Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals. In old world simians (including humans), there are thirty-two permanent teeth, consisting of six maxillary and six mandibular molars, four maxillary and four mandibular premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular canines, four maxillary and four mandibular incisors.

Timeline

The first permanent tooth usually appears in the mouth at around six years of age, and the mouth will then be in a transition time with both primary (or deciduous dentition) teeth and permanent teeth during the mixed dentition period until the last primary tooth is lost or shed.^[1]

The first of the permanent teeth to erupt are the permanent first molars, right behind the last 'milk' molars of the primary dentition. These first permanent molars are important for the correct development of a permanent dentition. Up to the age of thirteen years, twenty-eight of the thirty-two permanent teeth will appear.

The full permanent dentition is completed much later during the permanent dentition period.^[2] The four last permanent teeth, the third molars, usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25 years; they are considered wisdom teeth.^[3]

Pathology

It is possible to have extra, or "supernumerary," teeth. This phenomenon is called hyperdontia and is often erroneously referred to as "a third set of teeth." These teeth may erupt into the mouth or remain impacted in the bone. Hyperdontia is often associated with syndromes such as cleft lip and palate, trichorhinophalangeal syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, and Gardner's syndrome.^[4]

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

References

^ "Permanent tooth eruption chart". American Dental Association.
^ lllustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach. Elsevier. 2011. pp. 191–192.
^ "Tooth eruption: The permanent teeth" (PDF). American Dental Association.
^ Jordan, Joseph A. Regezi & James J. Sciubba; Richard C. K. (2003). Oral pathology : clinical pathologic correlations (4th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders. ISBN 978-0721698052.

Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition.

External links

Permanent dentition - Adult teeth chart Morphology permanent teeth.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 歯の解剖学的構造および発達 anatomy and development of the teeth
2. 歯の発達障害 developmental defects of the teeth
3. 小児における歯の損傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of dental injuries in children
4. 小児における口腔習癖と口腔顔面の発達 oral habits and orofacial development in children
5. Neuromonitoring in surgery and anesthesia

English Journal

Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition.

Pisani L1, Bonaccorso L2, Fastuca R3, Spena R2, Lombardo L2, Caprioglio A3.
Progress in orthodontics.Prog Orthod.2016 Dec;17(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40510-016-0142-0. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
BACKGROUND: The treatment options for the early treatment of anterior open bite are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual available evidence on treatments of anterior open bite in the mixed dentition in order to assess the effectiveness of the early treatment in reduc
PMID 27615261

Tridimensional finite element analysis of teeth movement induced by different headgear forces.

Maruo IT1, Maruo H2, Saga AY1, de Oliveira DD3, Argenta MA4, Tanaka OM5,6.
Progress in orthodontics.Prog Orthod.2016 Dec;17(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s40510-016-0130-4. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to simulate the actions of low-pull (LP), high-pull (HP), and combined pull (CP) headgears (HGs) and to analyze tooth movement tendencies through finite element analysis.METHODS: Tomographic slices of a human maxilla with complete permanent dentition were processed by re
PMID 27264500

The characteristics and occurrence of the talon cusps in Turkish population: a retrospective sample study.

Özkan G1, Toptaş A2, Güneri P3.
Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2016 Nov;38(9):1105-1110. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics and occurrence of talon cusps in a sample of Turkish population.METHODS: In this retrospective study, talon cusps in permanent dentition were evaluated on radiographs and intraoral photographs which were obtained from patients
PMID 26899859