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Pentagastrin (trade name Peptavlon) is a synthetic polypeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally.^[2] It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid as the pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin test.

Pentagastrin binds to the cholecystokinin-B receptor, which is expressed widely in the brain. Activation of these receptors activates the phospholipase C second messenger system. When given intravenously it may cause panic attacks.^[3]

Pentagastrin's IUPAC chemical name is "L-Phenylalaninamide, N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-beta-alanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-alpha-aspartyl".

Pentagastrin stimulation test

Pentagastrin is also used as a stimulation test to elevate of several hormones, such as serotonin. It provokes flushing and is useful in evaluating patients who describe flushing, but have normal or only marginally elevated biochemical markers for carcinoid syndrome.

It has been used to stimulate ectopic gastric mucosa for the detection of Meckels diverticulum by nuclear medicine.

It is used to stimulate calcitonin release from residual parafollicular cell C-cells after total thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma.

References

^ Martindale (1993). The extra pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 978-0853693000.
^ Braganza, J. M.; Herman, K; Hine, P; Kay, G (1979). "The effect of pentagastrin on peptic secretion in man". The Journal of Physiology 289: 9–16. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012721. PMC 1281354. PMID 379305.
^ van Megen, HJ; Westenberg, HG; den Boer, JA; Haigh, JR; Traub, M (April 1994). "Pentagastrin induced panic attacks: enhanced sensitivity in panic disorder patients.". Psychopharmacology 114 (3): 449–55. doi:10.1007/bf02249335. PMID 7855203.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 多発性内分泌腫瘍2型の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
2. ガストリンの生理学 physiology of gastrin
3. 甲状腺髄様癌：臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 medullary thyroid cancer clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
4. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
5. 甲状腺髄様癌：治療および予後 medullary thyroid cancer treatment and prognosis

English Journal

Morphological evidence that pentagastrin regulates secretion in the human parotid gland.

Loy F, Diana M, Isola R, Solinas P, Isola M, Conti G, Lantini MS, Cossu M, Riva A, Ekström J.SourceDepartment of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Division of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2012 May;220(5):447-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01489.x. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Salivary secretion is principally regulated by autonomic nerves. However, recent evidence from in vivo animal experiments suggests that gastrointestinal peptide hormones can also influence saliva production. The aim of the present study was to define the secretagogue activity of the gastrin-analogue
PMID 22414238

[Influence of the calcitonin assay on the definition of biochemical cure in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.]

Hartung-Knemeyer V, Müller S, Nagarajah J, Lahner H, Broecker-Preuss M, Bockisch A, Görges R.SourceDr. Verena Hartung-Knemeyer, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Tel. 0201/723 2032, Fax 0201/723 5964, E-Mail: verena.hartung@uk-essen.de.
Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine.Nuklearmedizin.2012 Apr 12;51(4). [Epub ahead of print]
Aim: Calcitonin (hCT) is an important diagnostic parameter in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We determined the variability of the reference ranges of several currently available immunometric assays for "biochemically cured" MTC patients. Patients, methods: We compared six assays [Nichols ICMA
PMID 22526413

Japanese Journal

Esomeprazole Inhibits the Pentagastrin-Stimulated Secretion of Gastric Acid in Healthy Japanese Volunteers

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 235(3), 249-253, 2015
NAID 130004822449

Calcium Carbonate Breath Test for Non-Invasive Estimation of Gastric Acid Secretion

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 232(4), 255-261, 2014
NAID 130004822406

Increased Gastric Mucus Secretion Alleviates Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Abdominal Pain

Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 231(1), 29-36, 2013-09-01
NAID 10031201052

「ペンタガストリン」

Pentagastrin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-β-alanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	10 minutes or less
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	5534-95-2
ATC code	V04CG04
PubChem	CID: 9853654
IUPHAR/BPS	870
DrugBank	DB00183
ChemSpider	8029364
UNII	EF0NX91490
KEGG	D01631
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1328
Chemical data
Formula	C37H49N7O9S
Molecular mass	767.893 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(N)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)Cc2c1ccccc1nc2)CCSC)CC(=O)O)Cc3ccccc3 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C37H49N7O9S/c1-37(2,3)53-36(52)39-16-14-30(45)41-28(19-23-21-40-25-13-9-8-12-24(23)25)34(50)42-26(15-17-54-4)33(49)44-29(20-31(46)47)35(51)43-27(32(38)48)18-22-10-6-5-7-11-22/h5-13,21,26-29,40H,14-20H2,1-4H3,(H2,38,48)(H,39,52)(H,41,45)(H,42,50)(H,43,51)(H,44,49)(H,46,47)/t26-,27-,28-,29-/m0/s1 ; Key:NEYNJQRKHLUJRU-DZUOILHNSA-N ;
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　　[★]

英: pentagastrin, gastrin penta-peptide
関: ガストリン、テトラガストリン

胃液分泌機能検査薬。
5アミノ酸の合成ガストリン類似物質
テトラガストリンのN末端側にβ-アラニンが結合したペンタペプチド。
胃酸分泌能を示す。
生理的で胃液の分泌量が多く、酸度が高い。
皮下注射後の胃酸を採取し、生化学的検査を行う。

[1] Martindale (1993). The extra pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 978-0853693000.

[2] Braganza, J. M.; Herman, K; Hine, P; Kay, G (1979). "The effect of pentagastrin on peptic secretion in man". The Journal of Physiology 289: 9–16. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012721. PMC 1281354. PMID 379305.

[3] van Megen, HJ; Westenberg, HG; den Boer, JA; Haigh, JR; Traub, M (April 1994). "Pentagastrin induced panic attacks: enhanced sensitivity in panic disorder patients.". Psychopharmacology 114 (3): 449–55. doi:10.1007/bf02249335. PMID 7855203.

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pentagastrin