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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/23 00:57:05」(JST)

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Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in the 1950s.^[1] It was discovered by Parke Davis now Pfizer and introduced as Humatin in 1960.^[2] It is also called monomycin and aminosidine;^[3]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[4]

Medical uses

It is an antibiotic used to treat intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis^[5] and amoebiasis,^[6] and other diseases such as leishmaniasis.^[7] Paromomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in the early 1990s.^[3]

The route of administration is intramuscular injection and capsule. Paromomycin topical cream with or without gentamicin is an effective treatment for ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis, according to the results of a phase-3, randomized, double-blind, parallel group–controlled trial.^[8]

Mechanism

Paromomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor in nonresistant cells by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA.^[9] This broad-spectrum antibiotic soluble in water, is very similar in action to neomycin. Antimicrobial activity of paromomycin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been shown.^[10]

References

^ Davidson RN, den Boer M, Ritmeijer K (2008). "Paromomycin". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103 (7): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.09.008. PMID 18947845.
^ Marshall Sittig (1988). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia (PDF) 1. Noyes Publications. p. 1166. ISBN 9780815511441.
^ ^a ^b Neal RA, Murphy AG, Olliaro P, Croft SL (1994). "Aminosidine ointments for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 (2): 223–5. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90307-7. PMID 8036682.
^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
^ Sweetman S, ed. (2002). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (33rd ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 978-0-85369-499-1.
^ "paromomycin" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Sinha PK, Bhattacharya SK (2007). "Injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (25): 2571–81. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066536. PMID 17582067.
^ Ben Salah A, Ben Messaoud N, Guedri E, Zaatour A, Ben Alaya N, Bettaieb J, Gharbi A, Belhadj Hamida N, et al. (2013). "Topical Paromomycin with or without Gentamicin for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis". N. Engl. J. Med. 368 (6): 524–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1202657. PMID 23388004.
^ Vicens Q, Westhof E (2001). "Crystal Structure of Paromomycin Docked into the Eubacterial Ribosomal Decoding A Site". Structure 9 (8): 647–58. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00629-3. PMID 11587639.
^ "Paromomycin" (pdf). Toku-E. 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 抗原虫治療 antiprotozoal therapies
2. 内臓リーシュマニア症の治療 treatment of visceral leishmaniasis
3. ジアルジア症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of giardiasis
4. クリプトスポリジウム症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis
5. 赤痢アメーバによる腸菅アメーバ症 intestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis

English Journal

Leishmaniasis: new insights from an old and neglected disease.

Antinori S, Schifanella L, Corbellino M.SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via GB Grassi, 74, 20157, Milano, Italy, spinello.antinori@unimi.it.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.2011 May 1. [Epub ahead of print]
Leishmaniases are a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. There is growing evidence that the true incidence of the disease is underestimated, especially in hyperendemic regions. Moreover, climate changes together with the increasing movement of humans
PMID 21533874

Drug targeting to macrophages using paromomycin-loaded albumin microspheres for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: an in vitro evaluation.

Khan W, Kumar N.SourceDepartment of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Punjab, India.
Journal of drug targeting.2011 May;19(4):239-50. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
PMID 20545446

Japanese Journal

Populations of <I>Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp</I>., and <I>Lactobacillus casei</I> in Commercial Fermented Milk Products

Bioscience and Microflora 19(1), 35-39, 2000
NAID 130003864060

Effect of Long-term Administration of Paromomycin Sulfate on the Level of Serum Albumin and γ-globulin in Human Cirrhosis

Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine 8(4), 349-357, 1983-11
NAID 110004691045

硫酸Paromomycinによる裂頭条虫,無鉤条虫の駆虫効果

The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics 36(3), 638-643, 1983
NAID 130004393841

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「パロモマイシン」
関連記事	「sulfate」「sulfated」「sulfa」

「パロモマイシン」

Paromomycin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-; 4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-; 3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-oxan-2-yl]; oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-; 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a601098
Pregnancy	US: N Not yet classified; ;
Administration	Oral, intramuscular
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	None
Metabolism	None
Biological half-life	?
Excretion	Fecal
Identifiers
CASRN	1263-89-4
ATC code	A07AA06 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 441375
DrugBank	DB01421
ChemSpider	390117
ChEBI	CHEBI:7934
ChEMBL	CHEMBL370143
Chemical data
Formula	C23H47N5O18S
Molar mass	615.629 g/mol
	SMILES O=S(=O)(O)O.O([C@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1N)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]3N)[C@H]4O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4N)CO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C23H45N5O14.H2O4S/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(27)21(37-7)41-19-9(4-30)39-23(17(19)36)42-20-12(31)5(25)1-6(26)18(20)40-22-11(28)16(35)14(33)8(3-29)38-22;1-5(2,3)4/h5-23,29-36H,1-4,24-28H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23+;/m1./s1 ; Key:LJRDOKAZOAKLDU-UDXJMMFXSA-N ;
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