WordNet

type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (同)malignant neoplastic disease

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〈U〉〈C〉『がん』 / 〈U〉〈C〉害悪 / 《Cancer》(星座の)カニ座
副甲状腺の,上皮小体の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/22 15:12:28」(JST)

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Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm resulting in parathyroid adenoma to carcinoma progression.^[1] It forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroid glands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone, which helps the body store and use calcium).

It is rare,^[2] and much less common than parathyroid adenoma.

It can be difficult to excise.^[3]

Risk factors

Parathyroid cancer occurs in midlife at the same rate in men and women.

Conditions that appear to result in an increased risk of parathyroid cancer include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,^[4] autosomal dominant familial isolated hyperparathyroidism^[4] and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome^[1] (which also is hereditary).^[1] Parathyroid cancer has also been associated with external radiation exposure, but, most reports describe an association between radiation and the more common parathyroid adenoma.^[4]

Signs and Symptoms

Most patients experience moderate to severe hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone levels. A large mass in the neck is often seen, and renal and bone abnormalities are common.^[1]

Treatment

Parathyroid carcinoma is sometimes diagnosed during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. If the surgeon suspects carcinoma based on severity or invasion of surrounding tissues by a firm parathyroid tumor, aggressive excision is performed, including the thyroid and surrounding tissues as necessary.^[1]

Agents such as calcimimetics (for example, Cinacalcet) are used to mimic calcium and are able to activate the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (making the parathyroid gland "think" we have more calcium than we actually do), therefore lowering the calcium level, in an attempt to decrease the hypercalcemia.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP. "Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 11 ed. 2008.
^ Lee JE (July 2005). "Predicting the presence of parathyroid carcinoma". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 12 (7): 513–4. doi:10.1245/ASO.2005.03.904. PMID 15952075.
^ "Endocrine Pathology". http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ENDOHTML/ENDO112.html. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Parathyroid Cancer Treatment at National Cancer Institute. Last Modified: 03/11/2009.

External links

Parathyroid cancer entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
Parathyroid Carcinoma (Medscape eMedicine)
Cancer Management Handbook: Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers

This article incorporates public domain material from the U.S. National Cancer Institute document "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".

This oncology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 副甲状腺癌 parathyroid carcinoma
2. 原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症の副甲状腺診査 parathyroid exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism
3. 原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism
4. 原発性副甲状腺機能亢進症の発症機序および病因 pathogenesis and etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism
5. 副甲状腺嚢腫 parathyroid cysts

English Journal

Parathyroid Hormone is Related to Dysplasia and a Higher Rate of Distal Colorectal Adenoma in Women but Not Men.

Aigner E1, Stadlmayr A, Huber-Schönauer U, Zwerina J, Husar-Memmer E, Niederseer D, Eder SK, Stickel F, Pirich C, Schett G, Patsch W, Datz C.
Hormones & cancer.Horm Cancer.2015 Aug;6(4):153-60. doi: 10.1007/s12672-015-0227-0. Epub 2015 May 29.
Molecular and clinical observations provide evidence for a potential role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in colorectal cancer development. We therefore aimed to assess the association of PTH with regard to colorectal cancer precursor lesions. A cohort of 1432 participants, 777 men, 58.4 ± 9.6 ye
PMID 26021763

Monthly ibandronate versus weekly risedronate treatment for low bone mineral density in stable renal transplant patients.

Sánchez-Escuredo A1, Fuster D, Rubello D, Muxí A, Ramos A, Campos F, Marzola MC, Cook GJ, Tapias A, Torregrosa JV.
Nuclear medicine communications.Nucl Med Commun.2015 Aug;36(8):815-8. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000316.
INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonates may aid in treating and preventing bone loss promoted by chronic immunosuppressive treatment and secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal transplant (RT) patients. However, the effectiveness of bisphosphonates is compromised by poor patient compliance. The objective of th
PMID 25856225

Wild-type and specific mutant androgen receptor mediates transcription via 17β-estradiol in sex hormone-sensitive cancer cells.

Susa T1, Ikaga R, Kajitani T, Iizuka M, Okinaga H, Tamamori-Adachi M, Okazaki T.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Jul;230(7):1594-606. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24906.
We previously encountered regulatory processes wherein dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exerted its inhibitory effect on parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) gene repression through the estrogen receptor (ER)α, but not the androgen receptor (AR), in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Here, we investigated
PMID 25536295

Japanese Journal

症例副甲状腺癌の1例

甫喜本憲弘,杉本健樹,船越拓 [他]
外科 74(10), 1110-1113, 2012-10
NAID 40019441891

Randomized Teriparatide [Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 1–34] Once-Weekly Efficacy Research (TOWER) Trial for Examining the Reduction in New Vertebral Fractures in Subjects with Primary Osteoporosis and High Fracture Risk

Nakamura Toshitaka,Sugimoto Toshitsugu,Nakano Tetsuo,Kishimoto Hideaki,Ito Masako,Fukunaga Masao,Hagino Hiroshi,Sone Teruki,Yoshikawa Hideki,Nishizawa Yoshiki,Fujita Takuo,Shiraki Masataka
The Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism 97(9), 3097-3106, 2012-09-01
Context: Weekly teriparatide injection at a dose of 56.5 μg has been shown to increase bone mineral density. Objective: A phase 3 study was conducted to determine the efficacy of once-weekly teriparat …
NAID 120005222465