parapoxvirus

• パラポックスウイルス

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/28 23:14:50」(JST)

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Parapoxvirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group I (dsDNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Poxviridae
Genus:	Parapoxvirus
Type species
Orf virus
Species
Bovine papular stomatitis virus Orf virus Parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand Pseudocowpox virus

Parapoxviruses belong to the Poxviridae family. Like all members of that family, they are oval, relatively large, double-stranded DNA viruses. Parapoxviruses have a unique spiral coat that distinguishes them from other poxviruses. Parapoxviruses infect vertebrates.

Not all parapoxviruses are zoonotic. Notable zoonotic hosts of parapoxviruses include sheep, goats, and cattle.

The most recent species of parapoxviruses has been found in New Zealand Red Deer. There are also some tentative species in the genus, including Auzduk disease virus, Chamois contagious ecthyma virus, and Sealpox virus.

Impact

Parapoxviruses cause infection of cows, sheep, goats, and red squirrels worldwide. They tend to cause lesions that range in size depending on the case. Between 1990 and 1995, there was a mean of 15 cases reported annually. This is a significant decline from the annual mean of 46 cases between 1968 and 1978.

Some authors believe that the infection is much more common than reported, as it may not appear to be a serious infection.

Seasonal fluctuations

Most reports indicate a higher frequency of human infections during the spring and autumn, presumably due to the seasonal slaughtering of susceptible animals. However, others show a higher occurrence in winter. This may be attributed to the use of gorse, an animal feed that may cause trauma, thereby leading to infection.

Properties

Virions are enveloped and have a diameter of 160-190 nm. They are approximately 250-300 nm long, and have a regular surface structure; tubules with a diameter of 10-20 nm form a criss-cross pattern.

The virions have one molecule of double-stranded DNA, putting into the Group I category for virus classification purposes.

References

• http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp
• http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/parapoxviruses.htm

External links

• Viralzone: Parapoxvirus
• Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 犬および猫以外のペットからの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from pets other than dogs and cats

English Journal

• Analysis of deletion within the reindeer pseudocowpoxvirus genome.

• Hautaniemi M, Vaccari F, Scacliarini A, Laaksonen S, Huovilainen A, McInnes CJ.SourceFinnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Research Department/Veterinary Virology, Mustialankatu, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
• Virus research.Virus Res.2011 Sep;160(1-2):326-32. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
• Cases of contagious pustular stomatitis have been reported in Finnish reindeer for many years. Two species of the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae have been identified as the causative agent of the disease; orf virus (ORFV) was found during the 1992-1993 epidemic and pseudocowpoxvirus (PC
• PMID 21798294

• Characterization of immunostimulatory components of orf virus (parapoxvirus ovis).

• Friebe A, Friederichs S, Scholz K, Janssen U, Scholz C, Schlapp T, Mercer A, Siegling A, Volk HD, Weber O.SourceInstitute of Medical Immunology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. astrid.friebe@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
• The Journal of general virology.J Gen Virol.2011 Jul;92(Pt 7):1571-84. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
• Inactivated orf virus (ORFV, parapoxvirus ovis) induces antiviral activity in animal models of acute and chronic viral infections and exerts strong effects on human immune cells. ORFV activates antigen presenting cells (APC) via CD14 and, probably, Toll-like receptor signalling, and triggers the rel
• PMID 21346027

Japanese Journal

• 石川県のニホンカモシカ(Capricornis crispus)に感染しているパラポックスウイルスの遺伝学的解析

• 伊藤 美加,早川 裕二,新谷 英一,猪島 康雄
• Japanese journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 14(2), 103-106, 2009-09
• 2008年石川県白山地域の異なる2地区で保護され,パラポックスウイルス感染症の疑いで病性鑑定を実施したニホンカモシカ2頭についてウイルス分離,およびウイルスエンベロープ領域の塩基配列解析を実施した。PCRでパラポックスウイルス特異的遺伝子が検出され,遺伝子解析によりオーフウイルスと同定した。2頭それぞれの病変部からウイルスが分離され,IJSO81株とIJSO87株と命名した。分離した2株のPCR産 …
• NAID 110007465853

• パラポックスウイルス感染症の新しい診断法開発

• 猪島 康雄
• 農林水産技術研究ジャーナル = Research Journal of Food and Agriculture 30(3), 47-50, 2007-03-01
• NAID 10018294493

Related Links

• Parapoxvirus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Notable zoonotic hosts of Parapoxvirus include sheep, goats, and cattle. The most recent species of Parapoxvirus has been found in New Zealand Red Deer. There are also some tentative species in the genus, including Auzduk disease virus, ...

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