関: aryldialkylphosphatase、organophosphorus hydrolase、PON

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/17 16:56:34」(JST)

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Paraoxonases are a group of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphates.^[1]

History [edit]

PON was identified as an enzyme having organophosphates as its substrates. Reports of the geographic differences in population frequencies of paraoxonase activity and genetic analysis led to uncovering the genetic polymorphism.

Types [edit]

There are 3 known genotypic forms of paraoxonases. They are coded for by the PON set of genes – PON1, PON2 and PON3 – located on the long arm of chromosome 7.^[2]^[3] The differences between them lie in their location and activity.

PON1 is synthesized in the liver and transported along with HDL in the plasma. It functions as an antioxidant; it prevents the oxidation of LDL. Its serum concentration is influenced by inflammatory changes and the levels of serum oxidised-LDL.

PON2 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that can protect cells against oxidative damage.^[4]

PON3 is similar to PON1 in activity but differs from it in substrate specificity. Additionally, it is not regulated by inflammation and levels of oxidised lipids.^[5]

Clinical Significance [edit]

PON1 and PON3 are implicated in lowering the risk of developing coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. PON1 and PON3 prevent the formation of atherogenic oxidised-LDL, the form of LDL present in foam cells of an atheromatous plaque.

External links [edit]

Proteopedia 1v04

References [edit]

^ La Du BN (1992). "Human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase". In Kalow W, editor. Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolism. New York: Pergamon Press. pp. pages 51–91. ISBN 0-08-041175-4.
^ Bergmeier C, Siekmeier R, Gross W (December 2004). "Distribution spectrum of paraoxonase activity in HDL fractions". Clin. Chem. 50 (12): 2309–15. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.034439. PMID 15459089.
^ Li HL, Liu DP, Liang CC (2003). "Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms, oxidative stress, and diseases". JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 81 (12): 766–779. PMID 14551701.
^ Ng CJ, Wadleigh DJ, Gangopadhyay A et al. (November 2001). "Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (48): 44444–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105660200. PMID 11579088.
^ Reddy ST, Wadleigh DJ, Grijalva V, Ng C, Hama S, Gangopadhyay A, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Navab M, Fogelman AM (April 2001). "Human paraoxonase-3 is an HDL-associated enzyme with biological activity similar to paraoxonase-1 protein but is not regulated by oxidized lipids". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21 (4): 542–7. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.21.4.542. PMID 11304470.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Triton X-114 cloud point extraction to subfractionate blood plasma proteins for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Jessen F1, Wulff T2.
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A simple and reproducible procedure for enrichment of a plasma protein subfraction suitable for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE) was developed, using a Triton X-114-based cloud point extraction (CPE). Appropriate conditions for such a CPE procedure were found by SDS-PAGE to b
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Q192R and L55M Polymorphisms of Paraoxonase 1 Gene in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Tomatir AG1, Pehlivan S2, Sahin HH3, Balci SO4, Budeyri S3, Pehlivan M3.
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AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms Q192R, and L55M in patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed samples from 60 patients with CM
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5,6-δ-DHTL, a stable metabolite of arachidonic acid, is a potential substrate for paraoxonase 1.

Eryanni-Levin S1, Khatib S2, Levy-Rosenzvig R1, Tamir S1, Szuchman-Sapir A3.
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Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein-associated lactonase. Recent findings revealed that PON1 knockout mice have low blood pressure, which is negatively correlated with the level of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), a cytochrome P450 -derived arachidonic acid met
PMID 25958017

Japanese Journal

Effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase 1 activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms

MOUHAMED Dhouha Haj,EZZAHER Asma,MECHRI Anwar,NEFFATI Fadoua,OMEZZINE Asma,BOUSLAMA Ali,GAHA Lotfi,DOUKI Wahiba,NAJJAR Mohamed Fadhel
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Paraoxonase-1 and clopiclogrel resistance

大森司
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Paraoxonase 1 Correlates with Butyrylcholinesterase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Workers Chronically Exposed to Pesticides

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Journal of occupational health 52(6), 383-388, 2010-11-01
NAID 10026964722