paramethadione

Paramethadione
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy; category	US: D (Evidence of risk); ;
ATC code	N03AC01 (WHO);
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	Not significant
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-oxazolidine-2,4-dione;
CAS Number	115-67-3 ;
PubChem CID	8280;
IUPHAR/BPS	7261;
DrugBank	DB00617 ;
ChemSpider	7979 ;
UNII	Z615FRW64N;
KEGG	D00495 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1100 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.726
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C7H11NO3
Molar mass	157.167 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES O=C1N(C(=O)OC1(C)CC)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H11NO3/c1-4-7(2)5(9)8(3)6(10)11-7/h4H2,1-3H3 ; Key:VQASKUSHBVDKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
(verify)

パラメタジオン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/31 03:53:32」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Paramethadione (brand name Paradione) is an anticonvulsant in the oxazolidinedione class developed by the Illinois-based pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories (known as AbbVie since January 1, 2013 ^[1]), and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1949 for the treatment of absence seizures, also called partial seizures.^[2]^[3]

In 1960, the yearly cost for 900 mg/day paramethadione was approximately $66,^[4] which would translate to $462 yearly in 2007 (with CPI inflation) if paramethadione was still sold.^[5]

Mechanism of Action

Paramethadione acts to reduce T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons which has been proposed to underlie the 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge seen on electroencephalogram (EEG) during absence seizures.^[6]^[7]

Adverse Effects

Paramethadione is associated with various adverse effects including sedation, increased visual sensitivity to light, GI distress, edema, nephropathy, neutropenia, myasthenia gravis-like syndrome, fatal aplastic anemia, and severe birth defects known as fetal trimethadione syndrome (or paramethadione syndrome).^[8]^[9]

History, society, and culture

FDA approval

Paramethadione (brand name Paradione) was originally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1949, as a second-line treatment for petit mal and absence seizures.^[10] Paramethadione was ultimately discontinued in 1994 due to safety and efficacy concerns,^[11]^[12] such as being associated with fetal trimethadione syndrome, which is also known as paramethadione syndrome.^[13]

Patents

Paramethadione was first patented in 1949 (U.S. Patent 2,575,693) by Abbott Laboratories.^[14] Abbott Labbortories continued to hold the patent to paramethadione until the approval was withdrawn in 2004 due to the drug no longer being in use.^[15]

Clinical Trials

In the 1940s trimethadione (brand name Tridione) was the only available treatment for absence seizures. However, while effective, this drug presented with significant adverse effects, which led to the search for an equally effective analog. While limited information is available from the time, a pre-market clinical study found that paramethadione, an analog of trimethadione, was not quite as effective at alleviating seizures as trimethadione, however, it did have a significantly lower side effect profile in 85 patients over the course of 2 years.^[16] Notably, 80% of patients still showed a good response to paramethadione.^[17]

Chemistry

Paramethadione, 5-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione, differs from trimethadione only in the substitution of one methyl group with an ethyl group. It is synthesized in a completely analogous manner, except that it comes from 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid instead of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid.

M.A. Spielman, U.S. Patent 2,575,693 (1951).

References

^ More than splitting pills: Health care giant Abbott Laboratories ready to spin off AbbVie - Retrieved November 7, 2016
^ Oxazolidinedione Anticonvulsants - Retrieved January 2007.
^ Sittig, Marshall (2015). Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. New York: William Andrew Pub.
^ Lennox, W.G. (1960). Epilepsy and related disorders. Boston: Little Brown.
^ Shorvon, S.D. (2009). "Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: The second 50 years, 1959–2009". Epilepsia. 50 (s3): 93–130. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02042.x. PMID 19298435.
^ Drug Bank- Paramethadione Retrieved November 21, 2016
^ Von Krosigk, M.; Bal, T.; McCormick, D. A. (2009). "Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus". Science-New York then Washington-. 261: 361–361. JSTOR 2881575.
^ Miller, R.R.; Greenblatt, D.J. (1979). "Handbook of Drug Therapy". New York: Elsevier North Holland.
^ Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes - Retrieved January 2007.
^ Miller, R.R.; Greenblatt, D.J. (1979). Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier North Holland. p. 597.
^ Drug information for PARADIONE
^ Shorvon, S.D. (2009). "Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: The second 50 years, 1959–2009". Epilepsia. 50 (s3): 93–130. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02042.x. PMID 19298435.
^ Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes - Retrieved January 2007.
^ M.A. Spielman, U.S. Patent 2,575,693 (1951)
^ Schering Corp.; et al. (2004). Withdrawal of Approval of 92 New Drug Applications and 49 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (Report). DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES: Food and Drug Administration. p. 25125. Docket No. 2004N-0159.
^ Davis, J.P.; Davis, W.G (1949). "A comparison of paradione and tridione in the treatment of epilepsy". The Journal of Pediatrics. 34 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(49)80080-1.
^ Ebaugh, F.G.; Drake, F.R. (1955). "The current drug therapy of epilepsy: a review". The American journal of the medical sciences. 230 (1): 98–107. doi:10.1097/00000441-195507000-00014.

External links

DDB 33106

Hoffman, D; Chun A (1975). "Paramethadione and metabolite serum levels in humans after a single oral paramethadione dose". J Pharm Sci. 64 (10): 1702–1703. doi:10.1002/jps.2600641027. PMID 1185541.

This anticonvulsant-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Epilepsy drugs may reduce method effectiveness.

Best K.
Network (Research Triangle Park, N.C.).Netw Res Triangle Park N C.1999 Winter;19(2):12.
PMID 12295055

Contraceptive methods for women with neurologic disorders.

Mattson RH1, Rebar RW.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.Am J Obstet Gynecol.1993 Jun;168(6 Pt 2):2027-32.
Sex steroids in oral contraceptives exert several effects on the central nervous system and are therefore of concern when used by neurologically compromised women. In general, oral contraceptives do not aggravate epileptic seizures and are not contraindicated in cases of tension headache. Oral contr
PMID 8512048

Positive and negative ion mass spectrometry of antiepileptic hydantoins and their analogs.

Ishikawa Y1, Suzuki O, Hattori H, Kumazawa T, Takahashi T.
Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin. Journal of legal medicine.Z Rechtsmed.1988;99(4):253-61.
Positive ion electron impact (PIEI), positive ion chemical ionization (PICI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra of seven compounds of hydantoins and their analogs are presented; their probable fragmentation modes are also presented. In the PIEI mode, intensities of molecular i
PMID 3364044

Japanese Journal

PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF TRIMETHADIONE AND ITS METABOLITE IN RATS WITH CHEMICAL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY

Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics 4(8), 576-583, 1981-08
NAID 110003636185

Pharmacokinetic studies of trimethadione and its metabolite in rats with chemical-induced liver injury.

Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics 4(8), 576-583, 1981
NAID 130003419841

Trimethadioneその他の抗てんかん剤内服中の母親から出生した多発奇形児の1剖検例

脳と発達 10(1), 79-85, 1978
NAID 130004181718

Related Pictures

[1] More than splitting pills: Health care giant Abbott Laboratories ready to spin off AbbVie - Retrieved November 7, 2016

[2] Oxazolidinedione Anticonvulsants - Retrieved January 2007.

[3] Sittig, Marshall (2015). Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia. New York: William Andrew Pub.

[4] Lennox, W.G. (1960). Epilepsy and related disorders. Boston: Little Brown.

[5] Shorvon, S.D. (2009). "Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: The second 50 years, 1959–2009". Epilepsia. 50 (s3): 93–130. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02042.x. PMID 19298435.

[6] Drug Bank- Paramethadione Retrieved November 21, 2016

[7] Von Krosigk, M.; Bal, T.; McCormick, D. A. (2009). "Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus". Science-New York then Washington-. 261: 361–361. JSTOR 2881575.

[8] Miller, R.R.; Greenblatt, D.J. (1979). "Handbook of Drug Therapy". New York: Elsevier North Holland.

[9] Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes - Retrieved January 2007.

[10] Miller, R.R.; Greenblatt, D.J. (1979). Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier North Holland. p. 597.

[11] Drug information for PARADIONE

[12] Shorvon, S.D. (2009). "Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: The second 50 years, 1959–2009". Epilepsia. 50 (s3): 93–130. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02042.x. PMID 19298435.

[13] Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes - Retrieved January 2007.

[14] M.A. Spielman, U.S. Patent 2,575,693 (1951)

[15] Schering Corp.; et al. (2004). Withdrawal of Approval of 92 New Drug Applications and 49 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (Report). DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES: Food and Drug Administration. p. 25125. Docket No. 2004N-0159.

[16] Davis, J.P.; Davis, W.G (1949). "A comparison of paradione and tridione in the treatment of epilepsy". The Journal of Pediatrics. 34 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(49)80080-1.

[17] Ebaugh, F.G.; Drake, F.R. (1955). "The current drug therapy of epilepsy: a review". The American journal of the medical sciences. 230 (1): 98–107. doi:10.1097/00000441-195507000-00014.

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