WordNet

of or relating to a palace
either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits (同)palatine_bone, os palatinum
(Middle Ages) the lord of a palatinate who exercised sovereign powers over his lands (同)palsgrave
any of various important officials in ancient Rome
of or relating to a count palatine and his royal prerogatives
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
the most important of the Seven Hills of Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

自領内で王権を持った / パラチン伯の / 〈C〉パラチン伯(自分の領土内で王権を行使できる昔の領主)
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/04 17:16:19」(JST)

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The maxillary nerve (CN V₂) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (V) cranial nerve. It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxillary, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face,^[1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve.^[2] Its function is the transmission of sensory fibers from the maxillary teeth, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and sinuses.^[3]

Structure

It begins at the middle of the trigeminal ganglion as a flattened plexiform band, and, passing horizontally forward, it leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum, where it becomes more cylindrical in form, and firmer in texture. It then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa, inclines lateralward on the back of the maxilla, and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. It then runs forward on the floor of the orbit, at first in the infraorbital groove and then in the infraorbital canal remaining outside the periosteum of the orbit. It then emerges on the face through the infraorbital foramen and terminates by dividing into palpebral, lateral nasal and labial branches. The nerve is accompanied by the infraorbital branch of (the third part of) the maxillary artery and the accompanying vein.

Branches

Its branches may be divided into four groups, depending upon where they branch off: in the cranium, in the pterygopalatine fossa, in the infraorbital canal, or on the face.

In the cranium

Middle meningeal nerve in the meninges

From the pterygopalatine fossa

Infraorbital nerve through Infraorbital canal
Zygomatic nerve (zygomaticotemporal nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve) through Inferior orbital fissure
Nasal Branches (nasopalatine) through Sphenopalatine foramen
Superior alveolar nerves (Posterior superior alveolar nerve, Middle superior alveolar nerve, Anterior superior alveolar nerve)
Palatine nerves (Greater palatine nerve, Lesser palatine nerve), including the Nasopalatine nerve
Pharyngeal nerve

In the infraorbital canal

Anterior superior alveolar nerve
Infraorbital nerve

On the face

Inferior palpebral nerve
Superior labial nerve
Lateral nasal nerve

Function

Additional Images

Maxillary nerve

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Monkhouse, Stanley (2006)., page 5, Table 1.1 - "Synopsis of cranial nerves"
^ Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 180
^ Monkhouse, Stanley (2006)., page 56, Section 9.1 - Functions

Books

Monkhouse, Stanley (2006). Cranial nerves - functional anatomy. Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-61537-2.

Feneis, Heinz; Dauber, Wolfgang (2007). Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy (5th ed.). Thieme. pp. 400–401.

External links

MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cnb2.htm
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (VII)

UpToDate Contents

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1. ベル麻痺：成人における病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 bells palsy pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis in adults
2. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
3. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
4. 下肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
5. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes

English Journal

Three-dimensional imaging of palatal muscles in the human embryo and fetus: Development of levator veli palatini and clinical importance of the lesser palatine nerve.

Kishimoto H1,2, Yamada S2,3, Kanahashi T3, Yoneyama A4, Imai H5, Matsuda T5, Takeda T4, Kawai K1, Suzuki S1.
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.Dev Dyn.2016 Feb;245(2):123-31. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24364. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
BACKGROUND: After palatoplasty, incomplete velopharyngeal closure in speech articulation sometimes persists, despite restoration of deglutition function. The levator veli palatini (LVP) is believed to be significantly involved with velopharyngeal function in articulation; however, the development an
PMID 26509917

A retrospective analysis of eleven cases of invasive rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis presented with orbital apex syndrome initially.

Jiang N1, Zhao G2, Yang S3, Lin J4, Hu L5, Che C6, Wang Q7, Xu Q8.
BMC ophthalmology.BMC Ophthalmol.2016 Jan 12;16(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12886-016-0189-1.
BACKGROUND: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis(ROCM) is an invasive fungal infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and sometimes presents as orbital apex syndrome(OAS) initially. It is rapidly fatal without an early diagnosis and treatment. We report the cases of invasive ROCM pr
PMID 26758904

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of soft palate muscles and nerves in dogs with an elongated soft palate.

Arai K, Kobayashi M, Harada Y, Hara Y, Michishita M, Ohkusu-Tsukada K, Takahashi K.
American journal of veterinary research.Am J Vet Res.2016 Jan;77(1):77-83. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.1.77.
OBJECTIVE To histologically evaluate and compare features of myofibers within the elongated soft palate (ESP) of brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs with those in the soft palate of healthy dogs and to assess whether denervation or muscular dystrophy is associated with soft palate elongation. SAMPL
PMID 26709940

Japanese Journal

Maxillary sensory nerve responses induced by different types of dentures

Kimoto Suguru,Ito Nana,Nakashima Yoshio,Ikeguchi Nobuyuki,Yamaguchi Hidenori,Kawai Yasuhiko
Journal of Prosthodontic Research 57(1), 42-45, 2013
… Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different types of dentures induced different responses to stimulations in sensory nerve underlying the denture-supporting mucosa using current perception threshold (CPT).Materials and methods: The study population comprised 45 complete denture wearers with a mean age of 69.7 years (CD), 30 partial denture wearers (PD) with a mean age of 67.1 years, and 40 dentulous participants with a mean age of 69.0 years (Dent). …
NAID 130004679557

Histological Observation of the Palate in Alligator Mississippiensis

Yamazaki Takaki,Yokoyama Megumi,Fujiseki Motoya,Moriguchi Mitsuko,Miake Yasuo,Sawada Takashi,Sohn Wern-Joo,Kim Jae-Young,Yamamoto Hitoshi
Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 22(4), 455-460, 2013
… The palatine rugae are specialized structures located on the fused hard palate; … however, the number, arrangement and direction of the palatine rugae differ among species. … Moreover, the urea silver nitrate method was used for nerve staining. … On the palate of Alligator mississippiensis, many papilla-like, small conic-shaped projections of about 450-800µm in width and about 500µm in height were observed, although there were no palatine rugae. …
NAID 130004480617

Alteration of the Cytokeratin Expression During Palatine Rugae Development in Mice

Yamamoto Hitoshi,Muramatsu Takashi,Shibukawa Yoshiyuki,Sohn Wern-Joo,Kim Jae-Young,Tazaki Masakazu
Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 20(1), 17-22, 2011
… During palatine rugae development in mice, a cell cluster appeared transiently in the palatine rugae epithelium. … At E15, the epithelium of both palatine rugae located in the anterior portion and inter-rugae area consisted of 2-3 cell layers, and palatine rugae have papillae under the epithelium. … However, palatine rugae located in the posterior portion have cell clusters in the epithelium. …
NAID 130004848359

「口蓋神経」

Maxillary nerve
	Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion.
	Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.
Details
Latin	Nervus maxillaris
From	Trigeminal nerve
To	Infraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, posterior superior alveolar nerve, palatine nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sphenopalatine ganglion
Identifiers
Gray's	p.889
MeSH	A08.800.800.120.760.550
TA	A14.2.01.037
FMA	52724
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy