- 関
- formalin test、McGill pain questionnaire、pain assessment、visual analog scale、visual analogue scale
WordNet
- cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school" (同)anguish, hurt
- a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension" (同)hurting
- a bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain" (同)pain in the neck, nuisance
- a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain" (同)pain_sensation, painful sensation
- emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness" (同)painfulness
- the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule; "the measurements were carefully done"; "his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate" (同)measuring, measure, mensuration
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉〈U〉(肉体のある部分の)『苦痛』,『痛み』 / 〈U〉(精神的な)『苦痛』,心痛 / 《複数形で》骨折り,苦労,努力 / 〈C〉不快感,いやな感じ;うんざりさせるもの,やっかい者 / (肉体的・精神的に)…‘に'苦痛を与える(受動態にできない)
- 〈U〉『測定』,測量 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『寸法』 / 〈U〉測定法,測量法
- 《補語にのみ用いて》腹を立てて / 《補語にのみ用いて》(心が)鐘ついて / 不愉快な,気まずい
- とうちゃん(papa)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/09 09:21:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A pain scale measures a patient's pain intensity or other features. Pain scales are based on self-report, observational (behavioral), or physiological data. Self-report is considered primary and should be obtained if possible. Pain scales are available for neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, seniors, and persons whose communication is impaired. Pain assessments are often regarded as "the 5th Vital Sign."[1]
Examples of pain scales
|
Self-report |
Observational |
Physiological |
| Infant |
— |
Premature Infant Pain Profile; Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale |
— |
| Child |
Faces Pain Scale - Revised;[2] Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale; Coloured Analogue Scale[3] |
FLACC (Face Legs Arms Cry Consolability Scale); CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale)[4] |
Comfort |
| Adult |
Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS); Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS); Brief Pain Inventory |
— |
— |
Contents
- 1 Partial list of pain measurement scales
- 2 Numeric Rating Scale
- 3 In endometriosis
- 4 See also
- 5 Notes
Partial list of pain measurement scales
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Alder Hey Triage Pain Score [5]
- Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS)[6]
- Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)[7]
- Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI)[8]
- Clinical Global Impression (CGI)[9]
- Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)[10]
- COMFORT scale[11]
- Dallas Pain Questionnaire [12][13]
- Descriptor differential scale (DDS)[14]
- Dolorimeter Pain Index (DPI)[15]
- Edmonton Symptom Assessment System[16][17][18]
- Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R)[19]
- Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale
- Lequesne algofunctional index: a composite measure of pain and disability, with separate self-report questionnaires for hip and knee OA (osteoarthritis):[20]
- Original index (1987)[21]
- 1991 revision[22]
- 1997 revision[23]
- McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)[24]
- Neck Pain and Disability Scale –NPAD[20]
- Numerical 11 point box (BS-11)[25]
- Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)[26]
- OSWESTRY Index
- Palliative Care Outcome Scale (PCOS)[27]
- Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire [28][29]
- Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS)[30]
- Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale[31]
- Visual analog scale (VAS)[32]
Specialized tests
- Disease-Specific Pain Scale: DSPI = (ΣX · Y) · 100 where X is the highest pain level on a 0–10 scale and Y is the percentage of this pain level in the group. The DSPI is different from the simple numeric 0–10 scale in that it is measured for a group of patients with a specific diagnosis whereas the numeric 0–10 pain scale is administered individually.[33]
- Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ)[34] for measuring pain in children
- Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP)[35] for measuring pain in premature infants
- Schmidt Sting Pain Index[36] and Starr sting pain scale[37] both for insect stings
- Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale (for sedated patients)[38]
- AUSCAN: Disease-Specific, to assess hand osteoarthritis outcomes.[20]
- WOMAC : Disease-Specific, to assess knee osteoarthritis outcomes.[20]
- Osteoarthritis Research Society International-Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OARSI-OMERACT) Initiative, New OA Pain Measure: Disease-Specific, Osteoarthritis Pain[20]
Numeric Rating Scale
The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) is an 11–point scale for patient self-reporting of pain. It is for adults and children 10 years old or older.[39]
| Rating |
Pain Level |
| 0 |
No Pain |
| 1–3 |
Mild Pain (nagging, annoying, interfering little with ADLs) |
| 4–6 |
Moderate Pain (interferes significantly with ADLs) |
| 7–10 |
Severe Pain (disabling; unable to perform ADLs) |
In endometriosis
The most common pain scale for quantification of endometriosis-related pain is the visual analogue scale (VAS). A review came to the conclusion that VAS and numerical rating scale (NRS) were the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement in endometriosis. For research purposes, and for more detailed pain measurement in clinical practice, the review suggested use of VAS or NRS for each type of typical pain related to endometriosis (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and non-menstrual chronic pelvic pain), combined with the clinical global impression (CGI) and a quality of life scale.[9]
See also
- SOCRATES (pain assessment)
Notes
- ^ "Pain: current understanding of assessment, management and treatments". Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations andnthe National Pharmaceutical Council, Inc. December 2001. Retrieved January 2013.
- ^ "The Faces Pain Scale – Revised". Pediatric Pain Sourcebook of Protocols, Policies and Pamphlets. 7 August 2007.
- ^ Stinson, JN; Kavanagh, T; Yamada, J; Gill, N; Stevens, B (November 2006). "Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents". Pain 125 (1–2): 143–57. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.006. PMID 16777328.
- ^ von Baeyer, C.L.; Spagrud, L.J. (2007). "Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years". Pain 127 (1–2): 140–150. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014. PMID 16996689.
- ^ Stewart B, Lancaster G, Lawson J, Williams K, Daly J (July 2004). "Validation of the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score". Arch. Dis. Child. 89 (7): 625–630. doi:10.1136/adc.2003.032599. PMC 1720010. PMID 15210492.
- ^ Payen, JF; Bru O; Bosson JL (2001). "Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale". Critical Care Medicine 29: 2258–2263. doi:10.1097/00003246-200112000-00004.
- ^ Cleeland CS, Ryan KM (March 1994). "Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory". Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 23 (2): 129–38. PMID 8080219.
- ^ Feldt, KS (2000). "The Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI)". Pain Manag Nurs. 1: 13–21.
- ^ a b Bourdel, N.; Alves, J.; Pickering, G.; Ramilo, I.; Roman, H.; Canis, M. (2014). "Systematic review of endometriosis pain assessment: how to choose a scale?". Human Reproduction Update 21 (1): 136–152. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu046. ISSN 1355-4786.
- ^ Gélinas, C; Fillion L; Puntillo KA; Viens C; Fortier M (2006). "Validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool in adult patients". American Journal of Critical Care 15 (4): 420–427.
- ^ Ambuel, B; Hamlett KW; Marx CM; Blumer JL (1992). "Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: the COMFORT scale". Journal of Pediatric Psychology 17 (1): 95–109. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/17.1.95.
- ^ "Dallas Pain Questionnaire" (PDF). OARSI. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ Ozguler A, Guéguen A, Leclerc A, Landre MF, Piciotti M, Le Gall S, Morel-Fatio M, Boureau F. (2002). "Using the dallas pain questionnaire to classify individuals with low back pain in a working population". Spine 27 (16): 1783–9. doi:10.1097/00007632-200208150-00018. PMID 12195072.
- ^ Gracely RH, Kwilosz DM (December 1988). "The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment". Pain 35 (3): 279–88. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(88)90138-8. PMID 3226757.
- ^ Hardy, J.D.; Wolff, H.G.; Goodell, H. (1952). Pain Sensations and Reactions. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. ASIN B0006ASZ92.
- ^ Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ, Selmser P, Macmillan K (1991). "The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients". J Palliat Care 7 (2): 6–9. PMID 1714502.
- ^ Nekolaichuk C, Watanabe S, Beaumont C (March 2008). "The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System: a 15-year retrospective review of validation studies (1991--2006)". Palliat Med 22 (2): 111–22. doi:10.1177/0269216307087659. PMID 18372376.
- ^ Richardson LA, Jones GW (January 2009). "A review of the reliability and validity of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System". Curr Oncol 16 (1): 55. doi:10.3747/co.v16i1.261. PMC 2644623. PMID 19229371.
- ^ Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA, van Korlaar I, Goodenough B (August 2001). "The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement". Pain 93 (2): 173–83. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00314-1. PMID 11427329. Retrieved 2008-05-26. Instructions in many languages and images
- ^ a b c d e "OARSI Initiatives, Pain Indexes". OARSI. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ Lequesne M, Mery C, et al. (1987). "Indexes of severity for osteoarthritis of the hip and knee". Scand J Rheumatology (Supplement 65): 85–89.
- ^ Lequesne M (1991). "Indices of severity and disease activity for osteoarthritis". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 20 (Supplement 2): 48–54. doi:10.1016/0049-0172(91)90027-w.
- ^ Lequesne MG (1997). "The algofunctional indices for hip and knee osteoarthritis". J Rheumatol 24: 779–781.
- ^ Melzack R (September 1975). "The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods". Pain 1 (3): 277–99. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5. PMID 1235985. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
- ^ Jensen MP, Karoly P, O'Riordan EF, Bland F, Burns RS (June 1989). "The subjective experience of acute pain. An assessment of the utility of 10 indices". Clin J Pain 5 (2): 153–9. doi:10.1097/00002508-198906000-00005. PMID 2520397.
- ^ Hartrick CT, Kovan JP, Shapiro S (December 2003). "The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: a ratio measure?". Pain Pract 3 (4): 310–6. doi:10.1111/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x. PMID 17166126.
- ^ Hearn J, Higginson IJ (December 1999). "Development and validation of a core outcome measure for palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. Palliative Care Core Audit Project Advisory Group". Qual Health Care 8 (4): 219–27. doi:10.1136/qshc.8.4.219. PMC 2483665. PMID 10847883.
- ^ Paul W Stratford, Jill M Binkley, Daniel L Riddle and Gordon H Guyatt (1998). "Sensitivity to Change of the Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire: Part 1". Phys Ther 78 (11): 1186–1196. PMID 9806623.
- ^ Schulte TL, Schubert T, Winter C, Brandes M, Hackenberg L, Wassmann H, Liem D, Rosenbaum D, Bullmann V. (2010). "Step activity monitoring in lumbar stenosis patients undergoing decompressive surgery". European spine journal (swetswise.com) 19 (11): 1855–64. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1324-y. PMC 2989265. PMID 20186442.
- ^ Higginson IJ, McCarthy M (1993). "Validity of the support team assessment schedule: do staffs' ratings reflect those made by patients or their families?". Palliat Med 7 (3): 219–28. doi:10.1177/026921639300700309. PMID 7505183.
- ^ "Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Foundation". Retrieved 6 December 2009.
- ^ Huskisson EC (1982). "Measurement of pain". J. Rheumatol. 9 (5): 768–9. PMID 6184474.
- ^ Walid MS, Zaytseva NV (2009). "Pain in Nursing Home Residents and Correlation with Neuropsychiatric Disorders". Pain Physician 12 (5): 877–880. ISSN 1533-3159. PMID 19787013.
- ^ Varni JW, Thompson KL, Hanson V (January 1987). "The Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire. I. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis". Pain 28 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91056-6. PMID 3822493.
- ^ Ballantyne M, Stevens B, McAllister M, Dionne K, Jack A (December 1999). "Validation of the premature infant pain profile in the clinical setting". Clin J Pain 15 (4): 297–303. doi:10.1097/00002508-199912000-00006. PMID 10617258. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
- ^ Schmidt, Justin O.; Evans, David (1990). Hymenopteran venoms: striving toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates; chapter in Insect defenses: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press. pp. 387–419. ISBN 0-88706-896-0.
- ^ Starr, C.K. (1985). "A simple pain scale for field comparison of Hymenopteran stings". Journal of Entomological Science 20 (2): 225–231.
- ^ Salmore R (2002). "Development of a new pain scale: Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale for sedated adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures". Gastroenterol Nurs 25 (6): 257–62. doi:10.1097/00001610-200211000-00007. PMID 12488689. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
- ^ "Pain Intensity Instruments". National Institutes of Health – Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center. July 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-14.
|
Pain scales
|
|
| Medical |
| General |
- Brief Pain Inventory
- Clinical Global Impression
- Dol scale
- FLACC scale
- McGill Pain Questionnaire
- Oswestry Disability Index
- Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
|
|
| Insect sting |
- Schmidt sting pain index
- Starr sting pain scale
|
|
| Psychological |
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
|
|
|
| Animal |
- Hot plate test
- Randall–Selitto test
- Tail flick test
|
|
| Food |
|
|
| Related |
- Pain tolerance
- Pain threshold
|
|
|
Pain and nociception
|
|
| By region/system |
| HEENT |
- Headache
- Neck
- Odynophagia (swallowing)
- Toothache
|
|
| Respiratory system |
|
|
| Musculoskeletal |
- Arthralgia (joint)
- Bone pain
- Myalgia (muscle)
- Muscle soreness: Acute / Delayed onset
|
|
| Neurologic |
- Congenital insensitivity to pain
- HSAN
- Type I
- II congenital sensory neuropathy
- III familial dysautonomia
- IV congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
- V congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
- Neuralgia
- Pain asymbolia
- Pain disorder
- Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
- Allodynia
- Chronic pain
- Hyperalgesia
- Hypoalgesia
- Hyperpathia
- Phantom pain
- Referred pain
|
|
| Other |
- Pelvic pain
- Proctalgia
- Back
|
|
|
| Tests |
- Cold pressor test
- Dolorimeter
- Grimace scale (animals)
- Hot plate test
- Tail flick test
|
|
| Related concepts |
- Anterolateral system
- Pain management
- Pain scale
- Pain threshold
- Pain tolerance
- Posteromarginal nucleus
- Substance P
- Suffering
- OPQRST
- Philosophy of pain
- Cancer pain
- Drug-seeking behavior
|
|
|
Symptoms and signs: general / constitutional (R50–R61, 780.6–780.9)
|
|
| Temperature |
| heat: |
- Fever
- Fever of unknown origin
- Drug-induced fever
- Postoperative fever
- Hyperhidrosis
- e.g., Sleep hyperhidrosis; "sweating"
- Hyperpyrexia
- Hyperthermia
|
|
| cold: |
|
|
|
| Aches/Pains |
- Headache
- Chronic pain
- Cancer pain
- Myalgia
|
|
| Malaise and fatigue |
- Atrophy
- Debility (or asthenia)
- Lassitude
- Lethargy
- Muscle tremors
- Tenderness
|
|
| Miscellaneous |
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The effect of an optimised helmet fit on neck load and neck pain during military helicopter flights.
- Van den Oord MH, Steinman Y, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH.SourceAcademic Medical Center, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Man in Aviation, The Royal Netherlands Air Force, P.O. Box 22, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
- Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2012 Sep;43(5):958-64. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
- The main purpose of this study was to improve the helmet fit of military helicopter aircrew members and evaluate its effect on the experienced helmet stability (helmet gliding), neck load, neck pain, hot spots (pressure points), irritation/distraction, and overall helmet comfort during night flights
- PMID 22356840
- High-sensitive cardiac troponin T outperforms novel diagnostic biomarkers in patients with acute chest pain.
- Eggers KM, Venge P, Lindahl B.SourceDepartment of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
- Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2012 Jul 11;413(13-14):1135-40. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
- BACKGROUND: Measurement of high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) has facilitated the early diagnostic assessment of chest pain patients. However, the information obtained from hs-cTnT levels might be improved when combined with results of other biomarkers of myocardial injury.METHODS: We measured
- PMID 22456003
Japanese Journal
- 浅野 裕俊,中込 正樹,井出 英人
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MBE, MEとバイオサイバネティックス 111(217), 51-55, 2011-09-19
- 近年,日本では介護を必要とする高齢者が増加している.特に,発話や四肢体動による意思伝達機能を失った重度の要介護者の場合,感情や身体的・精神的苦痛に対する客観的な判断が求められることから,情動の定量評価技術の確立は重要な課題である.従来研究では,感情の評価として脳機能イメージングを用いた手法が行われているが,脳の複雑性に着目して情動評価を行った研究は少ない.そこで,本研究では基礎検討としてカオス解析 …
- NAID 110008900126
- 新しい痛みの測定器--PainVision (特集 癌性疼痛と痛みの評価) -- (痛みの評価)
Related Links
- The Problem: Pain is the most common complaint being presented to physicians today. Doctors, lawyers and employers have no way to objectively determine if pain exists.
- Measurement of pain in the elderly is an issue that has received limited attention. The purpose of this review was to analyze and synthesize research findings f ... Ohnhaus and Adler (1975), in a study of 6 patients (age range, 28 to ...
- Pain Measurement Definition A method for rating the intensity and subjective qualities of pain by means of questionnaires or behavioral assessment procedures. As pain is a personal experience, subjective report is the only way to ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- pain assessment、pain measurement
- 関
- ホルマリンテスト、疼痛測定法、疼痛測定、マクギル疼痛質問表、視覚的アナログスケール
[★]
マクギル疼痛質問表、McGill疼痛質問表
- 関
- formalin test、MPQ、pain assessment、pain measurement、visual analog scale、visual analogue scale
[★]
- 英
- pain measurement
- 関
- ホルマリンテスト、疼痛評価、疼痛測定、マクギル疼痛質問表、視覚的アナログスケール
[★]
ホルマリンテスト
- 関
- McGill pain questionnaire、pain assessment、pain measurement、visual analog scale、visual analogue scale
[★]
- 関
- formalin test、McGill pain questionnaire、pain measurement、visual analog scale、visual analogue scale
[★]
- http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pain
- physical suffering or distress, as due to injury, illness, etc.
- a distressing sensation in a particular part of the body
- mental or emotional suffering or torment
- pains,
- laborious or careful efforts; assiduous care
- the suffering of childbirth.
[★]
- 関
- data quality、determine、estimate、experimental design、fathom、matched group、measure、research design、scoring method、testing
[★]