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- send a message from one computer to another to check whether it is reachable and active; "ping your machine in the office"
- a sharp high-pitched resonant sound (as of a sonar echo or a bullet striking metal)
- contact, usually in order to remind of something; "Ill ping my accountant--April 15 is nearing"
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Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/14 08:03:33」(JST)
wiki en
Not to be confused with para-Chloromethamphetamine.
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
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1-(4-Chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 64-12-0 N |
| PubChem | CID 3127 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 4592 |
| ChemSpider | 3015 Y |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL358967 Y |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C9H12ClN |
| Molar mass | 169.651 g/mol |
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| NY (what is this?) (verify) | |
para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), also known as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA), is an amphetamine derivative and monoamine releaser similar to MDMA, but with substantially higher neurotoxicity, thought to be due to the unrestrained release of both serotonin and dopamine by a metabolite.[1] It is used as a neurotoxin by neurobiologists to selectively kill serotonergic neurons for research purposes, in the same way that 6-hydroxydopamine is used to kill dopaminergic neurons.[2][3][4][5]
However, the effects of the compound on experimental animals appear less encouraging.[6] It has been detected as an apparent designer drug,[7] along with the related 3-chloroamphetamine, which is even more potent as a releaser of dopamine and serotonin but slightly less neurotoxic.[8][9][10][11][12]
The closely related N-methylated derivative, para-Chloromethamphetamine (CMA), which is metabolised to para-chloroamphetamine in vivo, has neurotoxic properties as well.
Contents
- 1 Legal Status
- 1.1 China
- 2 See also
- 3 References
Legal Status
China
As of October 2015 4-CA is a controlled substance in China.[13]
See also
- para-Chloromethamphetamine
- Substituted amphetamines
- 3,4-Dichloroamphetamine (DCA)
- 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA)
- 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA)
- 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)
- para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA)
- para-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)
- para-Iodoamphetamine (PIA)
- 6-CAT
References
- ^ Miller, K. J.; Anderholm, D. C.; Ames, M. M. (1986). "Metabolic activation of the serotonergic neurotoxin para-chloroamphetamine to chemically reactive intermediates by hepatic and brain microsomal preparations". Biochemical Pharmacology 35 (10): 1737–1742. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(86)90332-1. PMID 3707603.
- ^ Gal, E. M.; Cristiansen, P. A.; Yunger, L. M. (1975). "Effect of p-chloroamphetamine on cerebral tryptophan-5-hydroxylase in vivo: A reexamination". Neuropharmacology 14 (1): 31–9. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(75)90063-5. PMID 125387.
- ^ Curzon, G; Fernando, J. C.; Marsden, C. A. (1978). "5-Hydroxytryptamine: The effects of impaired synthesis on its metabolism and release in rat". British Journal of Pharmacology 63 (4): 627–34. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb17275.x. PMC 1668117. PMID 80243.
- ^ Colado, M. I.; Murray, T. K.; Green, A. R. (1993). "5-HT loss in rat brain following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p-chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine administration and effects of chlormethiazole and dizocilpine". British Journal of Pharmacology 108 (3): 583–9. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12846.x. PMC 1908028. PMID 7682129.
- ^ Freo, U; Pietrini, P; Pizzolato, G; Furey, M; Merico, A; Ruggero, S; Dam, M; Battistin, L (1995). "Cerebral metabolic responses to clomipramine are greatly reduced following pretreatment with the specific serotonin neurotoxin para-chloroamphetamine (PCA). A 2-deoxyglucose study in rats". Neuropsychopharmacology 13 (3): 215–22. doi:10.1016/0893-133X(95)00053-G. PMID 8602894.
- ^ Alexander T. Shulgin (1978). Leslie L. Iversen, Susan D. Iversen, and Solomon H. Snyder, ed. Handbook of Psychopharmacology. 11: Stimulants. New York: Plenum Press. CS1 maint: Multiple names: editors list (link)
- ^ Lin TC, Lin DL, Lua AC; Lin; Lua (2011). "Detection of p-chloroamphetamine in urine samples with mass spectrometry". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 35 (4): 205–210. doi:10.1093/anatox/35.4.205. PMID 21513613. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Fuller, R.; Schaffer, R. J.; Roush, B. W.; Molloy, B. B. (1972). "Drug disposition as a factor in the lowering of brain serotonin by chloroamphetamines in the rat". Biochemical Pharmacology 21 (10): 1413–1417. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(72)90365-6. PMID 5029422.
- ^ Ögren, S. O.; Ross, S. B. (2009). "Substituted Amphetamine Derivatives. II. Behavioural Effects in Mice Related to Monoaminergic Neurones". Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 41 (4): 353–368. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02674.x. PMID 303437.
- ^ Ross, S. B.; Kelder, D. (2009). "Inhibition of 3H-Dopamine Accumulation in Reserpinized and Normal Rat Striatum". Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 44 (5): 329–335. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1979.tb02339.x. PMID 474143.
- ^ Fuller, R. W.; Baker, J. C. (1974). "Long-lasting reduction of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration by 3-chloroamphetamine and 4-chloroamphetamine in iprindole-treated rats". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 26 (11): 912–914. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb09206.x. PMID 4156568.
- ^ Ross, S. B.; Ögren, S. O.; Renyi, A. L. (2009). "Substituted Amphetamine Derivatives. I. Effect on Uptake and Release of Biogenic Monoamines and on Monoamine Oxidase in the Mouse Brain". Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 41 (4): 337–352. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02673.x. PMID 579062.
- ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
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English Journal
- Rapid screening and determination of designer drugs in saliva by a nib-assisted paper spray-mass spectrometry and separation technique.
- Lee H, Jhang CS, Liu JT, Lin CH.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Journal of separation science.J Sep Sci.2012 Sep 5. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200480. [Epub ahead of print]
- A method for the rapid screening and determination of amphetamine-type designer drugs in saliva by a novel nib-assisted paper spray-mass spectrometry procedure is described. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detections for amphetamine derivatives (model samples: o-, m-, p-chloroamphetamine an
- PMID 22949336
- Effects of exposure to amphetamine derivatives on passive avoidance performance and the central levels of monoamines and their metabolites in mice: correlations between behavior and neurochemistry.
- Murnane KS, Perrine SA, Finton BJ, Galloway MP, Howell LL, Fantegrossi WE.SourceDivision of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Yerkes Imaging Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30322-4250, USA. acmurna@emory.edu
- Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2012 Apr;220(3):495-508. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
- RATIONALE: Considerable evidence indicates that amphetamine derivatives can deplete brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters. However, the behavioral and cognitive consequences of neurochemical depletions induced by amphetamines are not well established.OBJECTIVES: In this study, mice were exposed to d
- PMID 21993877
Japanese Journal
- p-Chloroamphetamine-induced rat ejaculation is not associated with the preoptic nucleus or medial nucleus amygdala
- YOKOSUKA MAKOTO,TAKAGI SHUNSUKE,KATOU MASAHIRO,PUDCHARAPORN KROMKHUM,GIZURARSON SVEINBJORN,ICHIKAWA MASUMI,SAITO TORU R.
- Reproductive medicine and biology 7(1), 37-43, 2008-03-01
- NAID 10021247047
- 抑肝散のパラクロロアンフェタミン誘発攻撃行動に対する改善作用
- 寺脇 潔,関口 恊二,山口 琢児,今村 幸子,菅野 仁美,五十嵐 康,加瀬 義夫,竹田 秀一
- 日本神経精神薬理学雑誌 = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology 27(5), 285, 2007-11-25
- NAID 10023964898
Related Links
- Effect of p-chloroamphetamine on cerebral tryptophan-5-hydroxylase in vivo: a reexamination. ... 5-HT loss in rat brain following 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p-chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine administration and ...
- p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA) is a useful pharmacologic tool for selectively increasing brain serotonin function acutely by release of serotonin into the synaptic cleft. PCA produces behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects ...
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