WordNet

enclose in a capsule (同)capsulate, capsulize, capsulise
a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
a pill in the form of a small rounded gelatinous container with medicine inside
a small container
a structure that encloses a body part
of or relating to near the ear (同)auricular

PrepTutorEJDIC

小容器;(薬の)カプセル / (植物の)さく / (生物体の)被のう,被膜 / (宇宙ロケットの)カプセル / 小型の;簡約した

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/30 20:38:22」(JST)

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The bony labyrinth (also osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear. It consists of three parts: the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. These are cavities hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

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1. 中耳外傷の評価および管理 evaluation and management of middle ear trauma
2. ワイヤレスカプセル内視鏡検査 wireless video capsule endoscopy
3. 強迫性障害の治療における脳深部刺激療法（DBS） deep brain stimulation for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder
4. 常染色体優性多発性嚢胞腎における疼痛症候群 pain syndromes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
5. 腹会陰式直腸切断術（APR）：開腹術 abdominal perineal resection apr open technique

English Journal

Postnatal Development of the Skull of Dinilysia patagonica (Squamata-Stem Serpentes).

Scanferla A1, Bhullar BA.Author information 1CONICET, Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Salta, Salta, Argentina.AbstractThe snake skull represents a profound transformation of the ancestral squamate cranium in which dermal skull roof bones were integrated with the braincase, in a manner convergent with that which occurred during the origin of mammals. However, the ontogeny of snake characters at the origin of the clade has until now been inaccessible. Here we describe a postnatal ontogenetic series of the Late Cretaceous stem snake Dinilysia patagonica and compare it to that of extant lizards and snakes. Comparative analysis indicates notable ontogenetic changes, including advanced state of ossification, isometric growth of the otic capsule, fusion of the stylohyal to the quadrate, and great posterior elongation of the supratemporal. Of these transformations, the unfused condition of braincase bones and the retention of a large otic capsule in adults are examples of paedomorphic and peramorphic processes, respectively. Some ontogenetic transformations detected, in particular those present in middle ear, skull roof and suspensorium, are strikingly similar to those present in extant snakes. Nevertheless, Dinilysia retains a lizard-like paroccipital process without an epiphyseal extremity, and a calcified epiphysis that caps the sphenoccipital tubercle. Finally, the integration of the dermal skull roof with the braincase is similar to that seen in mammals with regard to the overall closure of the braincase, but the two evolutionary and developmental modules appear less integrated in snakes in that the parietal bone of the dermal skull roof progressively overlaps the supraoccipital of the chondrocranial braincase. Anat Rec, 297:560-573, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2014 Mar;297(3):560-73. doi: 10.1002/ar.22862. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
The snake skull represents a profound transformation of the ancestral squamate cranium in which dermal skull roof bones were integrated with the braincase, in a manner convergent with that which occurred during the origin of mammals. However, the ontogeny of snake characters at the origin of the cla
PMID 24493375

Pediatric temporal bone fractures: Current trends and comparison of classification schemes.

Dunklebarger J1, Branstetter B 4th, Lincoln A, Sippey M, Cohen M, Gaines B, Chi D.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.AbstractOBJECTIVES: 1) Characterize the current presentation of pediatric temporal bone fractures, 2) compare two classification schemes for temporal bone fractures and illustrate complications in each fracture type.
The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2014 Mar;124(3):781-4. doi: 10.1002/lary.21891. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
OBJECTIVES: 1) Characterize the current presentation of pediatric temporal bone fractures, 2) compare two classification schemes for temporal bone fractures and illustrate complications in each fracture type.DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review.SETTING: Tertiary-care, academic children's hosp
PMID 24347062

Imaging in otosclerosis: A pictorial review.

Purohit B1, Hermans R, Op de Beeck K.Author information 1Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, purohitbela@yahoo.co.in.AbstractOtosclerosis is an otodystrophy of the otic capsule and is a cause of conductive, mixed or sensorineural hearing loss in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Otosclerosis is categorised into two types, fenestral and retrofenestral. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the temporal bone using 1-mm (or less) thick sections is the modality of choice for assessment of the labyrinthine windows and cochlear capsules. MRI has limited application in the evaluation of the labyrinthine capsules but is useful for assessment of the cochlear lumen prior to cochlear implantation in patients with profound hearing loss. The treatment of fenestral otosclerosis is primarily surgical with stapedectomy and prosthesis insertion. Patients with retrofenestral otosclerosis and profound hearing loss are treated medically using fluorides, but may derive significant benefit from cochlear implantation. This pictorial review aims to acquaint the reader with the pathology and clinical features of otosclerosis, the classical imaging appearances on CT and MRI, a radiological checklist for preoperative CT evaluation of otosclerosis, imaging mimics and a few examples of post-stapedectomy imaging and complications. Teaching points • Otosclerosis causes conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss in adults.• HRCT of the temporal bone is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice.• Stapedectomy is used to treat fenestral otosclerosis.• Fluorides and cochlear implantation are used to treat retrofenestral otosclerosis.
Insights into imaging.Insights Imaging.2014 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Otosclerosis is an otodystrophy of the otic capsule and is a cause of conductive, mixed or sensorineural hearing loss in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. Otosclerosis is categorised into two types, fenestral and retrofenestral. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of otoscl
PMID 24510845

Japanese Journal

Progress Toward Understanding the Etiology of Otosclerosis and Implications for Future Management

MCKENNA Michael J.
Otology Japan 19(2), 113-122, 2009-05-25
… Otosclerosis is a disease of the otic capsule that is among the most common causes of acquired hearing loss. …
NAID 10026280114

微細刺激によるクプラの偏移の観察

大塚康司,鈴木衞,古屋正由,小川恭生,萩原晃,竹之内剛
Equilibrium research 64(2), 100-105, 2005-04-01
… Whole membranous labyrinths of the bull frogs were used in order to replicate the human vestibule.The posterior semicircular canals (PSC) were exposed leaving the remaining membranous labyrinth encapsulated in the otic capsule. …
NAID 130000851827

「ot」

Bony labyrinth
	Lateral view of right osseous labyrinth
	Interior view of right osseous labyrinth
Details
Latin	Labyrinthus osseus
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1047
TA	A15.3.03.003
FMA	268963
	Anatomical terminology