WordNet

taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit (同)opportunistic, timeserving
a person who places expediency above principle (同)self-seeker
any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)

PrepTutorEJDIC

ひより見主義者,ご都合主義者
病原菌,病原体

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/29 22:02:01」(JST)

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An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens, particularly opportunistic pathogens—those that take advantage of certain situations—such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host, one with a healthy immune system. A compromised immune system, however, presents an "opportunity" for the pathogen to infect.

Causes

Immunodeficiency or immunosuppression can be caused by:

Malnutrition
Fatigue
Recurrent infections
Immunosuppressing agents for organ transplant recipients
Advanced HIV infection
Chemotherapy for cancer
Genetic predisposition
Skin damage
Antibiotic treatment
Medical procedures
Pregnancy

Types of infections

Further information: Immunodeficiency

These infections include:

Acinetobacter baumanni
Aspergillus sp.
Candida albicans
Clostridium difficile
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium
Cytomegalovirus
Geomyces destructans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Isospora belli
Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus, the virus that causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Kaposi's Sarcoma caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)
Microsporidium
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)
Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. hominis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Toxoplasma gondii

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually involves different antibiotics.

Veterinary treatment

Opportunistic infections caused by Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus retroviral infections can be treated with Lymphocyte T-Cell Immune Modulator.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Opportunistic pathogens

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UpToDate Contents

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1. HIV感染患者における日和見感染症の一次予防の概要 overview of primary prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv infected patients
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4. イソスポーラ感染の疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cystoisospora infections
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English Journal

Description of the interaction between Candida albicans and macrophages by mixed and quantitative proteome analysis without isolation.

Kitahara N1, Morisaka H, Aoki W, Takeda Y, Shibasaki S, Kuroda K, Ueda M.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2015 Dec;5(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s13568-015-0127-2. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes fatal diseases in immunocompromised hosts. Host resistance against C. albicans relies on ingestion of the pathogen by macrophages. Analysis of the escaping behavior of C. albicans from macrophages is required to understand the onset of system
PMID 26179440

Voriconazole: a novel treatment option for cryptococcal meningitis.

Yao Y1, Zhang JT, Yan B, Gao T, Xing XW, Tian CL, Huang XS, Yu SY.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2015 Oct;47(10):698-704. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1044260. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a relatively common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can also occur in patients with no underlying disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, dia
PMID 26100526

Ferric Uptake Regulator Fur Control of Putative Iron Acquisition Systems in Clostridium difficile.

Ho TD1, Ellermeier CD2.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2015 Sep 15;197(18):2930-40. doi: 10.1128/JB.00098-15. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming opportunistic pathogen and is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. Although iron acquisition in the host is a key to survival of bacterial pathogens, high levels of intracellular iron can increase oxidativ
PMID 26148711