WordNet

transfer an employee to a different, temporary assignment; "The officer was seconded for duty overseas"
a 60th part of a minute of arc; "the treasure is 2 minutes and 45 seconds south of here" (同)arcsecond
1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International dUnites (同)sec, s
following the first in an ordering or series; "he came in a close second"
a speech seconding a motion; "do I hear a second?" (同)secondment, endorsement, indorsement
the official attendant of a contestant in a duel or boxing match
coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude (同)2nd, 2d
give support or ones approval to; "Ill second that motion"; "I cant back this plan"; "endorse a new project" (同)back, endorse, indorse
in the second place; "second, we must consider the economy" (同)secondly
a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first; "second flute"; "the second violins"
do forcibly; exert force; "Dont force it!"
(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; "force equals mass times acceleration"
physical energy or intensity; "he hit with all the force he could muster"; "it was destroyed by the strength of the gale"; "a government has not the vitality and forcefulness of a living man" (同)forcefulness, strength
group of people willing to obey orders; "a public force is necessary to give security to the rights of citizens" (同)personnel
a group of people having the power of effective action; "he joined forces with a band of adventurers"
a powerful effect or influence; "the force of his eloquence easily persuaded them"
force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically; "She rammed her mind into focus"; "He drives me mad" (同)drive, ram
impose urgently, importunately, or inexorably; "She forced her diet fads on him" (同)thrust
used informally as an intensifier; "that is one fine dog"
the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number; "he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it"; "they had lunch at one" (同)1, I, ace, single, unity
a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
used of a single unit or thing; not two or more; "`ane is Scottish" (同)1, i, ane
having the indivisible character of a unit; "a unitary action"; "spoke with one voice" (同)unitary
being a single entity made by combining separate components; "three chemicals combining into one solution"
indefinite in time or position; "he will come one day"; "one place or another"
of the same kind or quality; "two animals of one species"
indicates continuity or persistence or concentration; "his spirit lives on"; "shall I read on?"
(of events) planned or scheduled; "the picnic is on, rain or shine"; "we have nothing on for Friday night"
in a state required for something to function or be effective; "turn the lights on"; "get a load on"
in operation or operational; "left the oven on"; "the switch is in the on position"
a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"

PrepTutorEJDIC

《通例the~》『第2の』,2番目(2度目)の《略》『2nd,sec.』) / 《A~+名で》『もう一つの』,別の / 一級(最上)のものに次ぐ,二流の / (自動車の変速機の)第2速の / 低音(声)部の,第2の / 〈C〉《the~》『2番目の人』(『物,事』) / 〈U〉《the~》(月の)『第2日』 / 〈C〉(ボクシングの)セコンド;(決闘などの)介添人;(一般に)援助者 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》二流品（ボタンが取れているなど、比較的小さな問題のある格安の服）・〈C〉〈U〉2度音程,第2音(声)部 / 〈U〉(自動車の変速機の)第2速,セカンド[ギア] / 《the~》《最上級の形容詞を伴って》第2に,2番目に / 第2位で,2等で / 〈提案・動議など〉‘に'賛成する,‘を'支持する / …‘を'援助する,後援する,激励する;(ボクシングで)…‘の'セコンドを務める
(時間・角度の)『秒』 / 《単数形で》『瞬間』(moment)
〈U〉(物理的な)『力』,勢い;体力 / 〈U〉『暴力』,腕ずく / 〈C〉《集合的に》(共通の目的・活動のための)集団,隊 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『軍隊』,部隊 / 〈C〉(社会的)勢力;有力な人物 / 〈U〉(精神あるいは知性の)力 / 〈U〉『影響力』,効果 / 〈U〉(言葉の)意味,真意 / 〈人〉‘に'『強いる』,無理を言う / (…から)…‘を'力ずくで手に入れる《+『名』+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / …‘を'むりに押し出す / (容器などに)…‘を'むりに押し込む《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (人に)…‘を'『押しつける』《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』〈人〉》 / 〈植物〉‘を'促成栽培する
『1個の』,一人の,単一の;《補語にのみ用いて》1歳の / 《時を表す名詞と共に》『ある』… / 《人名に付けて》…という[名の]人 / 同一の,同じ(the same) / 《theまたは所有格を付けて》たった一つの,唯一の / 《another, [the]otherと対比して》一方の / 〈U〉〈C〉『1つ』,1個,一人,1時,1歳 / 〈C〉(数字の)『1』;1の記号(1,Iなど) / 《the O-》超人的なもの / 〈U〉《しばしばa ~》(攻撃・冗談・うそなどの)一発 / 《前に述べた可算名詞を受けて》『それ』 / 《修飾語を伴わないで》 / 《修飾語句を伴って》 / 《後》に「of+複数名詞・代名詞」を伴ってその名詞・代名詞の》『一つ』,一人 / 《後にanother, [the]otherと対照して》一つ,一方 / 《修飾語句を伴って》(特定の)『人』,者 / 《総称的に》『人』 / 私,自分
(また《文》upon)《位置・場所》…『の上に』,の上で,の上の / (また《文》upon)《運動・動作の方向・対象》…『に』[向かって] / 《話》…を身につけて / (また《文》upon)《近接して場所》…の近くに,…に面して,…の側に / 《特定の日時》…『に』 / 《状態》…『して』,…中で,…すると / (また《文》upon)…『について』,…に関して / 《目的》…『で』,…に / (また《文》upon)…に基づいて,…によって,…の支え(助け)で / 《所属を表して》(委員会・チームなどの)一員で / (また《文》upon)…を軸にして,…で / (また《文》upon)《前後に同じ名詞を並べて》…に加えて,…についで / 『上に』,『身につけて』 / (電気・水道・ガス・ラジオなどが)『ついて』,通じて / 行われて,続けて,従事して / 《時の副詞[句]を伴って》前方へ,ずっと
〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》

UpToDate Contents

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1. 臨床現場での肺活量測定 office spirometry
2. 小児における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in children
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）：定義、臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
4. 成人における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in adults
5. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）の新規治療法：肺気腫の気管支鏡治療 emerging therapies for copd bronchoscopic treatment of emphysema

English Journal

Ambulatory pulse oximetry monitoring in Japanese COPD outpatients not receiving oxygen therapy.

Minami S, Yamamoto S, Ogata Y, Nakatani T, Takeuchi Y, Hamaguchi M, Koba T, Komuta K.AbstractBACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether desaturation profiles during daily living are associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Point measurements of resting oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) are not sufficient for assessment of desaturation during activities of daily living. A small number of studies continuously monitored oxygen saturation throughout the day during activities of daily living in stable COPD patients. This study aims to analyse the frequency of desaturation in COPD outpatients, and investigate whether the desaturation profile predicts the risk of exacerbation.
Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine.Multidiscip Respir Med.2014 Apr 17;9(1):24. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether desaturation profiles during daily living are associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Point measurements of resting oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) are no
PMID 24739130

Indicators of asthma control among students in a rural, school-based asthma management program.

Cheung K1, Buckley R, Dunville R, Daniels B, Cook D, Robin L, Dean B.Author information 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgi.AbstractAbstract Objective. The evaluation sought to determine if a comprehensive, school-based asthma management program in a small, rural school district helped students improve asthma control. Methods. To determine if students in the asthma program demonstrated better asthma control than students in a comparison school district, the evaluation team used a quasi-experimental, cross-sectional design and administered questionnaires assessing asthma control (which included FEV1 measurement) to 456 students with asthma in the intervention and comparison districts. Data were analyzed for differences in asthma control between students in the two districts. To determine if students in the intervention experienced increased asthma control between baseline and follow-up, the evaluation team used a one-group retrospective design. Program records for 323 students were analyzed for differences in percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) between baseline and follow-up. Results. Students with asthma in the intervention district exhibited significantly better asthma control than students with asthma in the comparison district. Percent of predicted FEV1 did not change significantly between baseline and follow-up for the intervention participants; however, post hoc analyses revealed students with poorly-controlled asthma at baseline had significantly higher FEV1 scores at follow-up, and students with well-controlled asthma at baseline had significantly lower FEV1 scores at follow-up. Conclusions. Findings suggest the comprehensive school-based program led to improvements in asthma control for students with poorly controlled asthma at baseline, and school-based programs need mechanisms for tracking students with initially well-controlled asthma in order to ensure they maintain control.
The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma.J Asthma.2014 Apr 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Objective. The evaluation sought to determine if a comprehensive, school-based asthma management program in a small, rural school district helped students improve asthma control. Methods. To determine if students in the asthma program demonstrated better asthma control than students in a co
PMID 24730771

Evidence suggesting that oral corticosteroids increase mortality in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Horita N1, Miyazawa N, Morita S, Kojima R, Inoue M, Ishigatsubo Y, Kaneko T.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. nobuyuki_horita@yahoo.co.jp.AbstractBACKGROUND: Oral corticosteroids were used to control stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) decades ago. However, recent guidelines do not recommend long-term oral corticosteroids (LTOC) use for stable COPD patients, partly because it causes side-effects such as respiratory muscle deterioration and immunosuppression. Nonetheless, the impact of LTOC on life prognosis for stable COPD patients has not been clarified.
Respiratory research.Respir Res.2014 Apr 3;15(1):37. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-37.
BACKGROUND: Oral corticosteroids were used to control stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) decades ago. However, recent guidelines do not recommend long-term oral corticosteroids (LTOC) use for stable COPD patients, partly because it causes side-effects such as respiratory muscle dete
PMID 24708443

Japanese Journal

2カメラFiber Grating呼吸モニタを用いた慢性閉塞性肺疾患症状のスクリーニング

佐藤勲,青木義満
Medical Imaging Technology 30(2), 73-82, 2012
近年，慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）をはじめとする呼吸障害の診断に関心が寄せられている．従来より病院内においては，ポリソムノグラフなどの接触型の測定装置を用いて，呼吸測定が行われてきた．しかしながら，これらの接触型の測定装置では，種々のセンサを直接患者に取り付ける必要があるため，その煩わしさから被験者が測定中に通常どおりの呼吸を行えない場合や，センサが外れて計測が中断する場合があった．そのため，被験 …
NAID 130002049734

呼吸機能検査におけるＣＯＰＤ診断基準の導入

柄澤宏,名和健,村長道子 [他],南波亮一,山本祐介,佐々木伸夫,平井信二
人間ドック 26(3), 485-490, 2011
目的：2009年6月より慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）の早期診断を目的に，「人間ドック健診，判定及び事後指導に関するガイドライン」に従い，呼吸機能検査判定にCOPDの診断基準を導入した．本判定基準の有用性を評価すること，および適切な運用について考察することを目的に検討した．対象と方法：2009年6月から2010年5月までの１年間に当センターで人間ドックを受診し，呼吸機能検査を実施した16,744例（ …
NAID 130002147696

人間ドック施設における呼吸機能検査データ調査

人間ドック施設における呼吸機能検査に関する調査委員会,大森久光,福田敬 [他],岩崎榮,福地義之助,工藤翔二,山門實,相澤久道
人間ドック = Ningen dock : official journal of
目的：「人間ドック健診成績判定及び事後指導に関するガイドライン」の改訂に伴い，呼吸機能検査の評価に使用される新・旧判定基準による呼吸器疾患，ことに慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）の判定について比較することにより，新基準の有用性を検証する．方法：日本人間ドック学会に所属する7施設を受診した119,235名（男性79,235名，平均年齢50.4±10.7歳；女性40,000名，50.0±11.0歳）の集積 …
NAID 10026409581