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a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

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中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/06 14:12:29」(JST)

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In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei.

Structure

The olivary body is located on the anterior surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramid, from which it is separated by the antero-lateral sulcus and the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.

Behind (dorsally), it is separated from the postero-lateral sulcus by the ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus. In the depression between the upper end of the olive and the pons lies the vestibulocochlear nerve.

In humans, it measures about 1.25 cm. in length, and between its upper end and the pons there is a slight depression to which the roots of the facial nerve are attached.

The external arcuate fibers wind across the lower part of the pyramid and olive and enter the inferior peduncle.

Olivary nuclei

The olive consists of two parts:

The inferior olivary nucleus (or 'complex'), which is a part of the olivo-cerebellar system and is mainly involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function.
The superior olivary nucleus, considered part of the pons and part of the auditory system, aiding the perception of sound.

The inferior olive in itself is divided to 3 main nuclei:

The primary olivary nucleus (PO) which consist of the major laminar structure.
The medial accessory olivary nucleus (MAO) lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally.
The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (DAO) is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus.

Small additional inferior olivary structures consist of the dorsal cap of Kooy and the ventrolateral outgrowth.

Additional images

Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V).
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.
The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.
Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.
Basal view of a human brain

External links

Gray's s187 (primary source for article)
Stained brain slice images which include the "Olivary%20nucleus" at the BrainMaps project

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Systematic and differential myelination of axon collaterals in the mammalian auditory brainstem.

Seidl AH1,2, Rubel EW1,3.
Glia.Glia.2016 Apr;64(4):487-94. doi: 10.1002/glia.22941. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
A brainstem circuit for encoding the spatial location of sounds involves neurons in the cochlear nucleus that project to medial superior olivary (MSO) neurons on both sides of the brain via a single bifurcating axon. Neurons in MSO act as coincidence detectors, responding optimally when signals from
PMID 26556176

Loss of Ptf1a Leads to a Widespread Cell-Fate Misspecification in the Brainstem, Affecting the Development of Somatosensory and Viscerosensory Nuclei.

Iskusnykh IY1, Steshina EY1, Chizhikov VV2.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2016 Mar 2;36(9):2691-710. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2526-15.2016.
The brainstem contains diverse neuronal populations that regulate a wide range of processes vital to the organism. Proper cell-fate specification decisions are critical to achieve neuronal diversity in the CNS, but the mechanisms regulating cell-fate specification in the developing brainstem are poo
PMID 26937009

Differential frequency modulation of neural activity in the lateral cerebellar nucleus in failed and successful grasps.

Cooperrider J1, Gale JT1, Gopalakrishnan R2, Chan HH3, Wathen C4, Park HJ2, Baker KB5, Shaikh AG2, Machado AG6.
Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2016 Mar;277:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 14.
The olivo-cerebellar system has an essential role in the detection and adaptive correction of movement errors. While there is evidence of an error signal in the cerebellar cortex and inferior olivary nucleus, the deep cerebellar nuclei have been less thoroughly investigated. Here, we recorded local
PMID 26698925

Japanese Journal

Neuronal specializations for the processing of interaural difference cues in the chick.

Frontiers in neural circuits 8, 2014-05-09
NAID 120005439538

下部尿路機能障害で発症した，病変分布が特徴的な延髄梗塞

脳卒中 36(6), 438-442, 2014
NAID 130004714029

聴覚中枢のメカニズムとその障害 (シンポジウム難聴治療への取組)

新潟医学会雑誌 127(9), 476-481, 2013-09
NAID 120005679611

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オリーブ核」「olivary nuclei」

「オリーブ核」

Olivary body
	The medulla, showing the olivary bodies lying adjacent to the pyramids.
	Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.
Details
Part of	Medulla
Identifiers
Latin	oliva
MeSH	A08.186.211.132.810.406.574
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_02/12589442
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]