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Oligomenorrhea (or oligomenorrhoea) is infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation.^[1] More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days, with only four to nine periods in a year.^[1] Also, menstrual periods should have been regularly established previously before the development of infrequent flow.^[1] The duration of such events may vary.^[2]

Causes

Oligomenorrhea can be a result of prolactinomas (adenomas of the anterior pituitary). It may also be caused by thyrotoxicosis, hormonal changes in perimenopause, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Graves disease. "Endurance exercises such as running or swimming can affect the reproductive physiology of women athletes. Female runners,^[3]^[4] swimmers^[5] and ballet dancers^[6] menstruate infrequently in comparison to nonatheletic women of comparable age^[7] or not at all (amenorrhea). The degree of menstrual abnormality is directly proportional to the intensity of the exercise. For example, Malina et al., (1978)^[8] have shown menstrual irregularity is more common, and more severe among tennis players than among golfers" (modified by a student paper written by A. Lord)^[9] Breastfeeding has also been linked to irregularity of menstrual cycles due to hormones which delay ovulation.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are also likely to suffer from oligomenorrhea. PCOS is a condition in which excessive androgens (male sex hormones) are released by the ovaries. Women with PCOS show menstrual irregularities that range from oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea, to very heavy, irregular periods. The condition affects about 6% of premenopausal women and is related to excess androgen production.

Eating disorders can also result in oligomenorrhea. Although menstrual disorders are most strongly associated with Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa may also result in oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. There is some controversy regarding the exact mechanism for the menstrual dysregulation, since amenorrhea may sometimes precede substantial weight loss in some anorexics; thus some researchers hypothesize that some as-yet unrecognized neuroendocrine phenomenon may be involved, and the menstrual irregularities may be related to the biological undergirding of the disorders, rather than a result of nutritional deficiencies.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c thefreedictionary.com > oligomenorrhea This dictionary, in turn, is citing: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008
^ Berek JS, Adashi EY, Hillard PA. Novak's Gynecology, 12 th Ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore (1996), ISBN 0-683-00593-6.
^ Dale E, Gerlach DH, Wilhite AL (1979). "Menstrual dysfunction in distance runners". Obstet Gynecol 54 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1097/00006250-197907000-00013. PMID 313033.
^ Wakat DK, Sweeney KA, Rogol AD (1982). "Reproductive system function in women cross-country runners". Med Sci Sports Exerc 14 (4): 263–9. doi:10.1249/00005768-198204000-00002. PMID 7132642.
^ Frisch RE, Gotz-Welbergen AV, McArthur JW et al. (1981). "Delayed menarche and amenorrhea of college athletes in relation to age of onset of training". JAMA 246 (14): 1559–1563. doi:10.1001/jama.246.14.1559. PMID 7277629.
^ Warren MP (1980). "The effects of exercise on pubertal progression and reproductive function in girls". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 51 (5): 1150–1157. doi:10.1210/jcem-51-5-1150. PMID 6775000.
^ http://www.duofertility.com/en/my-fertility/medical-info/causes-of-infertility/female-infertility/ovulatory-dysfunction/egg-production/oligomenorrhea.
^ Malina RM, Spirduso WW, Tate C, Baylor AM (1978). "Age at menarche and selected menstrual characteristics in athletes at different competitive levels and in different sports". Med Sci Sports 10 (3): 218–22. PMID 723515.
^ Pechenik, J (2007). A Short Guide To Writing About Biology. Harrisonburg: Pearson Education, Inc..
^ Tăng Quang Thái (2011). "Khái niệm cơ bản về Kinh thưa". Vì mầm sống tương lai (3): www.drquangthai.wordpress.com.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 思春期における希発月経の評価 evaluation of oligomenorrhea in adolescence
2. 続発性無月経の病因、診断、および治療 etiology diagnosis and treatment of secondary amenorrhea
3. 成人における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断 diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults
4. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
5. 多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の治療を目的としたメトホルミン metformin for treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome

English Journal

A genetic risk score is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome-related traits.

Lee H1, Oh JY2, Sung YA2, Chung HW3.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2016 Jan;31(1):209-15. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev282. Epub 2015 Nov 15.
STUDY QUESTION: Is a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its related clinical features SUMMARY ANSWER: The GRS calculated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was significantly associated with PCOS status and its related clinical features.WHAT IS KNOWN
PMID 26573528

Body Mass Index below Obesity Threshold Implies Similar Cardiovascular Risk among Various Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes.

Bagir GS1, Bakiner OS, Bozkirli E, Cavlak G, Serinsoz H, Ertorer ME.
Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre.Med Princ Pract.2016;25(1):61-6. doi: 10.1159/000440810. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the cardiometabolic risk factors in different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed between 2010 and 2011. Eighty-nine patients with PCOS and 25 age- and weight-matched healthy cont
PMID 26335185

Age, anti-müllerian hormone, antral follicles count to predict amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide.

D'Avila ÂM1, Biolchi V2, Capp E3,4,5,6,7, Corleta Hv8,9,10.
Journal of ovarian research.J Ovarian Res.2015 Dec 14;8(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s13048-015-0209-4.
BACKGROUND: A cohort study was performed to identify ovarian reserve markers (ORM) that predicts amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea 6 months after cyclophosphamide CTX in women with breast cancer.METHODS: 52 eumenorrheic patients with breast cancer were enrolled. FSH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antra
PMID 26667243

Related Pictures

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - Download as dni jest określany jako oligomenorrhoea Oligomenorrhoea/ Menorrhagia/ Metrorrhagia oligomenorrhoea online United States of Learning Oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea Ryc.l. Schematyczna reprezentacja objawów for hypomenorrhoea,oligomenorrhoea poziomy LH u 10 kobiet z oligomenorrhoea

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「希発月経」

Oligomenorrhea
	Classification and external resources
ICD-10	N91.5
ICD-9	626.1
DiseasesDB	14843

　　[★]

英: oligomenorrhea
ラ: oligomenorrhoea
関: 月経異常

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希発月経 : 約 67,400 件
稀発月経 : 約 160,000 件

[gale-1] thefreedictionary.com > oligomenorrhea This dictionary, in turn, is citing: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2008

[2] Berek JS, Adashi EY, Hillard PA. Novak's Gynecology, 12 th Ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore (1996), ISBN 0-683-00593-6.

[3] Dale E, Gerlach DH, Wilhite AL (1979). "Menstrual dysfunction in distance runners". Obstet Gynecol 54 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1097/00006250-197907000-00013. PMID 313033.

[4] Wakat DK, Sweeney KA, Rogol AD (1982). "Reproductive system function in women cross-country runners". Med Sci Sports Exerc 14 (4): 263–9. doi:10.1249/00005768-198204000-00002. PMID 7132642.

[5] Frisch RE, Gotz-Welbergen AV, McArthur JW et al. (1981). "Delayed menarche and amenorrhea of college athletes in relation to age of onset of training". JAMA 246 (14): 1559–1563. doi:10.1001/jama.246.14.1559. PMID 7277629.

[6] Warren MP (1980). "The effects of exercise on pubertal progression and reproductive function in girls". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 51 (5): 1150–1157. doi:10.1210/jcem-51-5-1150. PMID 6775000.

[7] ttp://www.duofertility.com/en/my-fertility/medical-info/causes-of-infertility/female-infertility/ovulatory-dysfunction/egg-production/oligomenorrhea.

[8] Malina RM, Spirduso WW, Tate C, Baylor AM (1978). "Age at menarche and selected menstrual characteristics in athletes at different competitive levels and in different sports". Med Sci Sports 10 (3): 218–22. PMID 723515.

[9] Pechenik, J (2007). A Short Guide To Writing About Biology. Harrisonburg: Pearson Education, Inc..

[10] Tăng Quang Thái (2011). "Khái niệm cơ bản về Kinh thưa". Vì mầm sống tương lai (3): www.drquangthai.wordpress.com.

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oligomenorrhoea