olecranon bursitis

WordNet

1. process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended (同)olecranon process
2. inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/02 17:47:18」(JST)

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Olecranon bursitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	M70.2
ICD-9	726.33

Olecranon bursitis (also informally known as "student's elbow", "baker's elbow", "swellbow", or "water on the elbow") is a condition characterised by pain, redness and swelling around the olecranon, caused by inflammation of the elbow's bursa. This bursa is located just over the extensor aspect of the extreme proximal end of the ulna. In common with other bursae, it is impalpable and contains only a very small amount of fluid in its normal state, and fulfills the function of facilitating the joint's movement by enabling anatomical structures to glide more easily over each other.

Causes

Hard blow to the tip of the elbow on a wall

Bursitis normally develops as a result either of a single injury to the elbow (e.g., a hard blow to the tip of the elbow), or perhaps more commonly due to repeated minor injuries, such as repeated leaning on the point of the elbow on a hard surface. The chance of developing bursitis is higher if one's job or hobby involves a repetitive movement (e.g., tennis, golf, or even repetitive computer work involving leaning on one's elbow). The possibility of developing the condition is more common as one gets older.

As a reaction to injury, the lining of the bursa becomes inflamed. It then secretes a much greater than normal amount of fluid into the closed cavity of the bursa, from where it has nowhere to go. The bursa therefore inflates, producing a swelling over the proximal end of the ulna which is usually inflamed and tender.

Another possible cause of inflammation of the bursa is infection, which can usually (but not always) be traced to a crack or other lesion in the skin which allowed for bacteria of the normal skin flora to invade deeper layers of tissue.

Symptoms

Symptoms include swelling in the elbow, which can sometimes be large enough to restrict motion. There is pain originating in the elbow joint from mild to severe which can spread to the rest of the arm.

If the bursa is infected, there also will be prominent redness and the skin will feel very warm. Another symptom would include the infected bursa possibly opening spontaneously and draining pus.

Treatments

Non-surgical treatments

As with most forms of bursitis the ideal treatment consists of rest and avoiding further injury to the area. To avoid further injury to the elbow, elbow pads can be applied to assist in cushioning of the area. Medical intervention will often include one or more combinations of the following: oral or topical anti-inflammatory medications such as NSAIDs, aspirating the excess bursa fluid with a syringe (draining of the bursa), or injecting into the bursa a hydrocortisone type medication which is aimed at relieving the inflammation and preventing further accumulation of fluid.

In case of infection, the bursitis should be treated with an antibiotic.

Surgical treatments

If the fluid continues to return after multiple drainings or the bursa is constantly causing pain to the patient, surgery to remove the bursa is an option. The minor operation removes the bursa from the elbow and is left to regrow but at a normal size over a period of ten to fourteen days. It is usually done under general anaesthetic and has minimal risks. The surgery does not disturb any muscle, ligament, or joint structures. To recover from surgical removal a splint will be applied to the arm to protect the skin. Exercises will be prescribed to improve range of motion.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 滑液包炎：臨床症状、診断、およびマネージメントの概要 bursitis an overview of clinical manifestations diagnosis and management
• 2. 成人における肘痛の評価 evaluation of elbow pain in adults
• 3. 敗血症性滑液包炎 septic bursitis
• 4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける肘関節損傷 elbow injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
• 5. 関節リウマチの臨床的特徴 clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis

English Journal

• Diagnosis and management of olecranon bursitis.

• Del Buono A, Franceschi F, Palumbo A, Denaro V, Maffulli N.SourceDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Rome, Italy.
• The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland.Surgeon.2012 Oct;10(5):297-300. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
• We aim to review the current knowledge on diagnosis, clinical features and main management modalities of olecranon bursitis. We underline that the first treatment line is conservative, including ice, rest, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs and, occasionally, bursal fluid aspiration. In unrespons
• PMID 22503398

Japanese Journal

• 症例 多数の米粒体を含む巨大な非特異的肘頭滑液包炎の1例

• 松本 知之,松島 真司,山口 晋司 [他]
• 整形・災害外科 45(13), 1385-1389, 2002-12
• NAID 40005497864

Related Links

• Olecranon bursitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Olecranon bursitis (informally known as "student's elbow" or "baker's elbow") is a condition characterised by pain, swelling and inflammation of the olecranon bursa located in the elbow. This bursa is located over the extensor aspect of the ...

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