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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/12/14 09:34:37」(JST)
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For the protocol, see OBEX.
Obex |
Hind-brain of a human embryo of three months—viewed from behind and partly from left side.
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Rhomboid fossa.
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Details |
Latin |
Obex |
Identifiers |
Gray's |
p.797 |
NeuroNames |
hier-633 |
NeuroLex ID |
Obex |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
o_01/12585770 |
TA |
A14.1.04.021 |
FMA |
FMA:78490 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The obex (from the Latin for barrier) is the point in the human brain at which the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal of the spinal cord.
The obex occurs in the caudal medulla.
The decussating of sensory fibers happens at this point.
Clinical significance
Lesions at the location can result in obstructive hydrocephalus. The most common lesion at this location is a subependymoma, a benign tumor.[1] Hemangioblastoma has been observed in this location.[2] Neurological surgical intervention in the treatment of syringomyelia or hydromyelia may involve plugging the obex to prevent the transmission of cerebrospinal fluid to the central canal of the spinal cord.
Additional images
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Fourth ventricle. Posterior view.Deep dissection.
References
- ^ Hoeffel, C; Boukobza, M; Polivka, M; Lot, G; Guichard, JP; Lafitte, F; Reizine, D; Merland, JJ (Nov–Dec 1995). "MR manifestations of subependymomas.". AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 16 (10): 2121–9. PMID 8585504.
- ^ Pavesi G, Berlucchi S, Feletti A, Opocher G, Scienza R (July 2006). "Hemangioblastoma of the obex mimicking anorexia nervosa". Neurology 67 (1): 178–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000223354.86636.ed. PMID 16832109.
Human brain: rhombencephalon, myelencephalon: medulla (TA A14.1.04, GA 9.767)
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Dorsal |
Surface |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
- Area postrema
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Medial eminence
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Grey: Cranial nuclei |
afferent: |
- GVA: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract/Dorsal respiratory group
- SVA: Gustatory nucleus
- GSA: VIII-v
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efferent: |
- GSE: XII
- GVE: IX,X,XI: Ambiguus
- SVE: X: Dorsal
- IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus
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Grey: other |
- Gracile nucleus
- Cuneate nucleus
- Accessory cuneate nucleus
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White: Sensory/ascending |
- Sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- MLF, III, IV and VI
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White: Motor/descending |
- Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- MLF, III, IV and VI
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Ventral |
White: Motor/descending |
- Motor decussation
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
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Grey matter |
- Ventral respiratory group
- Arcuate nucleus of medulla
- Inferior olivary nucleus
- Rostral ventromedial medulla
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Surface |
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Olive
- Pyramid
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Grey: Raphe/
reticular |
- Reticular formation
- Gigantocellular
- Parvocellular
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Ventricular system, rhombencephalon, met- and myel-: fourth ventricle (TA A14.1.05.701–726, GA 9.797)
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Roof (dorsal) |
rostral: |
- Superior medullary velum (Frenulum)
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caudal: |
- Inferior medullary velum
- Taenia of fourth ventricle
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Floor/rhomboid fossa (ventral) |
rostral (pons): |
- Facial colliculus
- Locus coeruleus
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caudal (medulla}: |
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Area postrema
- Obex
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- Medial eminence
- Sulcus limitans
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Apertures |
- Median/Magendie
- Lateral recess to Lateral/Luschka
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Other |
- Tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle
- Fastigium
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Vascular hamartoma in the central nervous system of a foal.
- Borel N1, Grest P2, Junge H2, Wehrli Eser M2.
- Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2014 Nov;26(6):805-9. doi: 10.1177/1040638714548681. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
- Vascular hamartomas are non-neoplastic developmental anomalies of vessels. Cases of cerebral vascular hamartomas have been previously reported in dogs and cats. A 4-week-old Freiberger foal had shown persistent problems with breathing and swallowing since birth, and bilateral laryngeal paralysis was
- PMID 25261460
- Magnetic resonance imaging features of complex Chiari malformation variant of Chiari 1 malformation.
- Moore HE1, Moore KR.
- Pediatric radiology.Pediatr Radiol.2014 Nov;44(11):1403-11. doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3021-1. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
- BACKGROUND: Complex Chiari malformation is a subgroup of Chiari 1 malformation with distinct imaging features. Children with complex Chiari malformation are reported to have a more severe clinical phenotype and sometimes require more extensive surgical treatment than those with uncomplicated Chiari
- PMID 24898393
- Normal relationship of the cervicomedullary junction with the obex and olivary bodies: a comparison of cadaveric dissection and in vivo diffusion tensor imaging.
- Middlebrooks EH1, Yagmurlu K, Bennett JA, Bidari S.
- Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2014 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to compare cadaver dissections with in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to determine the position of the cervicomedullary junction (CMJ) relative to the readily identified anatomic landmarks, namely the obex and olivary bodies (olives), in normal subjects. The
- PMID 25318624
Japanese Journal
- μ-Opioid and N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors Are Localized at Laryngeal Motoneurons of Guinea Pigs(Pharmacology)
- YAMAZAKI Hiromi,OHI Yoshiaki,HAJI Akira
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 32(2), 293-296, 2009-02-01
- … The WGA-labeled cells were distributed in the ventrolateral part of nucleus ambiguus, extending 1.8-2.2mm lateral to the midline, 0.8-1.2mm from the ventral surface and 1.7-2.6mm rostral to the obex. …
- NAID 110007042149
- 電波だけじゃない!赤外線通信だって無線通信の一つ 赤外線通信規格とその実装事例 (特集 無線通信規格の解説から各種無線モジュールの使い方まで 無線モジュールを使ってお手軽ワイヤレス通信)
Related Links
- OBEX. 出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』. 移動: 案内、 検索. OBEX( OBject EXchange)はIrOBEXとも呼ばれ、デバイス間のバイナリオブジェクトの交換を 容易にする通信プロトコルである。 目次. 1 概要; 2 Profile. 2.1 IrDA; 2.2 Bluetooth SIG ...
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