看護過程

WordNet

perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; "The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls" (同)physical process
(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering" (同)cognitive_process, mental_process, operation, cognitive operation
a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" (同)outgrowth, appendage
a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial" (同)unconscious process
subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill" (同)treat
deal with in a routine way; "Ill handle that one"; "process a loan"; "process the applicants"
nourishing at the breast (同)breast_feeding
the work of caring for the sick or injured or infirm
the profession of a nurse
preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
subjected to a special process or treatment; "prepared ergot"; "processed cheeses are easy to spread"
prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; "processed ores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(自然の)『作用』,過程 / (物事の)『手順』,方法 / (技術上の)製法,工程 / 召喚状,出頭令状;訴訟過程 / (動植物の組織の)隆起,突起 / 加工(処理,調整)した / 〈食品〉‘を'加工する / 〈写真フイルム〉‘を'現像する / 〈資料〉‘を'コンピューターにかける / …‘を'一定の手順で処理する,(整理する,調査する)
(預かった子を)養育(保育)する / 授乳する / {名}〈U〉 / (職業としての)看護 / 保育

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/08/24 17:42:11」(JST)

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BLW Nurse's Chatelaine or tool kit

The nursing process is a modified scientific method.^[1]^[2] Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958.^[3] It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was added later.

The nursing process uses clinical judgement to strike a balance of epistemology between personal interpretation and research evidence in which critical thinking may play a part to categorize the clients issue and course of action. Nursing offers diverse patterns of knowing.^[4] Nursing knowledge has embraced pluralism since the 1970s.^[5]

Some authors refer to a mind map or abductive reasoning as a potential alternative strategy for organizing care.^[6] Intuition plays a part for experienced nurses.^[7]

Phases

Diagram of the five-phase nursing process

The nursing process is goal-oriented method of caring that provides a framework to nursing care. It involves seven major steps:

A

Assess (what data is collected?)

D

Diagnose (what is the problem?)

O

Outcome Identification - (Was originally a part of the Planning phase, but has recently been added as a new step in the complete process).

P

Plan (how to manage the problem)

I

Implement (putting plan into action)

R

Rationale (Scientific reason of the implementations)

E

Evaluate (did the plan work?)

According to some theorists, this seven-steps description of the nursing process is outdated and misrepresents nursing as linear and atomic.^[8]

Assessing phase

The nurse completes an holistic nursing assessment of the needs of the individual/family/community, regardless of the reason for the encounter. The nurse collects subjective data and objective data using a nursing framework, such as Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns.

Models for data collection

Nursing assessments provide the starting point for determining nursing diagnoses. It is vital that a recognized nursing assessment framework is used in practice to identify the patient's* problems, risks and outcomes for enhancing health. The use of an evidence-based nursing framework such as Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Assessment should guide assessments that support nurses in determination of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. For accurate determination of nursing diagnoses, a useful, evidence-based assessment framework is best practice.

Methods

Client Interview
Physical Examination
Obtaining a health history (including dietary data)
Family history/report

Diagnosing phase

Nursing diagnoses represent the nurse's clinical judgment about actual or potential health problems/life process occurring with the individual, family, group or community. The accuracy of the nursing diagnosis is validated when a nurse is able to clearly identify and link to the defining characteristics, related factors and/or risk factors found within the patients assessment. Multiple nursing diagnoses may be made for one client.

Planning phase

In agreement with the client, the nurse addresses each of the problems identified in the diagnosing phase. When there are multiple nursing diagnoses to be addressed, the nurse prioritizes which diagnoses will receive the most attention first according to their severity and potential for causing more serious harm. The most common terminology for standardized nursing diagnosis is that of the evidence-based terminology developed and refined by NANDA International, the oldest and one of the most researched of all standardized nursing languages.^[9] For each problem a measurable goal/outcome is set. For each goal/outcome, the nurse selects nursing interventions that will help achieve the goal/outcome, which are aimed at the related factors (etiologies) not merely at symptoms (defining characteristics). A common method of formulating the expected outcomes is to use the evidence-based Nursing Outcomes Classification to allow for the use of standardized language which improves consistency of terminology, definition and outcome measures. The interventions used in the Nursing Interventions Classification again allow for the use of standardized language which improves consistency of terminology, definition and ability to identify nursing activities, which can also be linked to nursing workload and staffing indices. The result of this phase is a nursing care plan.

Implementing phase

The nurse implements the nursing care plan, performing the determined interventions that were selected to help meet the goals/outcomes that were established. Delegated tasks and the monitoring of them is included here as well.

Activities

pre-assessment of the client-done before just carrying out implementation to determine if it is relevant
determine need for assistance
implementation of nursing orders
delegating and supervising-determines who to carry out what action

Evaluating phase

The nurse evaluates the progress toward the goals/outcomes identified in the previous phases. If progress towards the goal is slow, or if regression has occurred, the nurse must change the plan of care accordingly. Conversely, if the goal has been achieved then the care can cease. New problems may be identified at this stage, and thus the process will start all over again.

Characteristics

The nursing process is a cyclical and ongoing process that can end at any stage if the problem is solved. The nursing process exists for every problem that the individual/family/community has. The nursing process not only focuses on ways to improve physical needs, but also on social and emotional needs as well.

Cyclic and dynamic

Goal directed and client centered

Interpersonal and collaborative

Universally applicable

Systematic
— ^[10]

The entire process is recorded or documented in order to inform all members of the health care team.

Variations and documentation

The PIE method is a system for documenting actions, especially in the field of nursing. The name comes from the acronym PIE, meaning Problem, Intervention, Evaluation.^[11]

References

^ Funnell, R., Koutoukidis, G.& Lawrence, K. (2009)Tabbner's Nursing Care (5th Edition), p. 72, Elsevier Pub, Australia.
^ Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2017). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (10 ed.). St. Louis: Mosby/Elsevier
^ Marriner-Tomey & Allgood (2006) Nursing Theorists and their work. p. 432
^ Reed, P. (2009) Inspired knowing in nursing. p. 63 in Loscin & Purnell (Eds) (2009) Contemporary Nursing Process.Springer Pub
^ Kim, H (2010) The Nature of Theoretical Thinking in Nursing. p. 6.
^ Bradshaw, J & Lowenstein (2010) Innovative Teaching Strategies in Nursing and Related Health Professions.
^ Funnell, R., Koutoukidis, G.& Lawrence, K. (2009) Tabbner's Nursing Care (5th Edition), p. 222, Elsevier Pub, Australia.
^ "RogerianNursingScience - Chapter 7 Practice Methods". rogeriannursingscience.wikispaces.com. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
^ Tastan, S., Linch, G. C., Keenan, G. M., Stifter, J., McKinney, D., Fahey, L., ... & Wilkie, D. J. (2014). "Evidence for the existing American Nurses Association-recognized standardized nursing terminologies: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Studies. 51: 1160–1170.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Kozier, Barbara, et al. (2004) Assessing, Fundamentals of Nursing: concepts, process and practice, 2nd ed., p. 261
^ Barbara Kuhn Timby (2008-01-01), Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts, p. 114, ISBN 978-0-7817-7909-8

UpToDate Contents

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… treatment options in advanced dementia, designed to support discussions during the nursing home care planning process, was effective in enhancing agreement on goals, increased the palliative care content …
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… Further studies are needed to determine whether the process of dying is similar in other settings and in noncancer illnesses.… and nursing home during the last days and weeks of life has been documented for older adults, and this is especially high for nursing home residents .…
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4. モース手術mohs surgery [show details]
…with specific training in Mohs frozen tissue processing, a fully certified Mohs laboratory, and well-trained nursing staff. MMS is also a time-consuming process that requires patient cooperation and understanding …
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…without touching the patient. The process was developed in the 1970s by a nursing professor and a lay healer and does not require a specific religious faith or belief. The process has five steps: Having a clear …

English Journal

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Klinke ME1,2, Hjaltason H2,3, Hafsteinsdóttir TB1,4, Jónsdóttir H1.
Disability and rehabilitation.Disabil Rehabil.2016 Dec;38(25):2429-44. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1130176. Epub 2016 Jan 10.
PURPOSE: To explore the usefulness of conventional tests for assessing spatial neglect and contrast these tests with daily challenges encountered by patients after discharge from rehabilitation to home.METHODS: A mixed method prospective study of 15 patients with neglect after a right hemisphere str
PMID 26750434

Evaluation of selected faculties at Tehran University of Medical Sciences using CIPP model in students and graduates point of view.

Neyazi N1, Arab PM2, Farzianpour F1, Mahmoudi Majdabadi M3.
Evaluation and program planning.Eval Program Plann.2016 Dec;59:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.06.013. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
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PMID 27639657

Specification of an integrated information architecture for a mobile teleoperated robot for home telecare.

Iannuzzi D1, Grant A2, Corriveau H3, Boissy P4, Michaud F5.
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PMID 26691651

Japanese Journal

イギリスにおける子どものリンパドレナージの状況 / 医師とリンパドレナージ施術者へのインタビュー結果から

永石喜代子,福田博美,水野昌子,藤井紀子,石井美紀代
鈴鹿短期大学紀要 34, 117-124, 2014-03-10
イギリスにおける子どものリンパドレナージの状況について、医師とリンパドレナージ施術者にインタビューを行った結果、以下のことがわかった。1 イギリスにおいては、子どものリンパ浮腫の症例が少ないが、頭部・体幹は圧迫療法を用いることが出来ないことや、嫌がって外すなどの子ども特有の理由で、徒手リンパドレナージ[Manual Lymphatic Drainage:以降、MLDとする。]が選択されていた。2 …
NAID 110009732908