視床後外側腹側核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
- toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal); "the ventral aspect of the human body"; "the liver is somewhat ventral in position"; "ventral (or pelvic) fins correspond to the hind limbs of a quadruped"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
- 腹の,腹部の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 13:46:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Ventral posterolateral nucleus |
Thalamic nuclei:
MNG = Midline nuclear group
AN = Anterior nuclear group
MD = Medial dorsal nucleus
VNG = Ventral nuclear group
VA = Ventral anterior nucleus
VL = Ventral lateral nucleus
VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus
VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus
LNG = Lateral nuclear group
PUL = Pulvinar
MTh = Metathalamus
LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus
MG = Medial geniculate nucleus |
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Thalamic nuclei
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| Details |
| Latin |
nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami |
| Part of |
Ventral posterior nucleus |
| Identifiers |
| NeuroNames |
hier-327 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Ventral posterolateral nucleus |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
n_11/12584011 |
| TA |
A14.1.08.641
A14.1.08.656 |
| FMA |
62200 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI) and ventromedial posterior nucleus (VMpo), it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus. There is uncertainty in the location of VMpo, as determined by STT terminations and staining for calcium-binding proteins, and several authorities do not consider its existence as being proved (Willis et al The Journal of Pain 2002;3:79-94; Graziano and Jones, The Journal of Neuroscience 2004;24:248–256)
Input and output
The VPL receives information from the neospinothalamic tract and the medial lemniscus of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. It then projects this sensory information to Brodmann's Areas 3, 1 and 2 in the postcentral gyrus. Collectively, Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2 make up the primary somatosensory cortex of the brain.
Additional images
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Anatomy of the diencephalon of the human brain
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|
| Epithalamus |
| Surface |
- Pineal body
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
|
|
| Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
|
|
|
| Thalamus |
| Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
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|
Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
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|
| White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
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|
|
| Hypothalamus |
| Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
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|
| Grey matter |
| Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
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|
| Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- magnocellular
- parvocellular
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
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|
| Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
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|
|
| White matter |
- afferent
- SN → Medial forebrain bundle
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus → AN, Stria terminalis → Amygdala, Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus → SC
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|
| Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
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|
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| Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
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Index of the central nervous system
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|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
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|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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|
| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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|
|
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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|
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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|
| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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|
| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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|
|
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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|
| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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|
|
|
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Index of the central nervous system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
|
|
|
|
Auditory and vestibular pathways
|
|
| Auditory |
- inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII →
- pons: Cochlear nucleus (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →
- midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →
- thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
- cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex
|
|
| Vestibular |
- inner ear: Vestibular nerve VIII →
- pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)
- cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe
- spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
- thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
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Index of the ear
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|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Pseudobulbar palsy due to deep-brain stimulation of the thalamic ventral intermediate nuclei.
- Nicastro N1, Ghika J2, Pollak P3, Horvath J3.
- Clinical neurology and neurosurgery.Clin Neurol Neurosurg.2015 Jun;133:61-3. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.03.013. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
- PMID 25839917
- Cortical and thalamic projections to cytoarchitectural areas 6Va and 8C of the marmoset monkey: Connectionally distinct subdivisions of the lateral premotor cortex.
- Burman KJ1, Bakola S, Richardson KE, Yu HH, Reser DH, Rosa MG.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2015 Jun 1;523(8):1222-47. doi: 10.1002/cne.23734. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
- We studied the afferent connections of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the caudolateral frontal cortex, areas 6Va and 8C, in marmoset monkeys. These areas received connections from the same set of thalamic nuclei, including main inputs from the ventral lateral and ventral anterior complexes, b
- PMID 25556940
- Temporal pattern of neurodegeneration, programmed cell death, and neuroplastic responses in the thalamus after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat.
- Dolenec P1, Pilipović K, Rajič J, Župan G.
- Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.2015 Jun;74(6):512-26. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000194.
- The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the thalamus are not well characterized. We analyzed neuronal degeneration and loss, apoptosis, programmed cell death-executing pathways, and neuroplastic responses in the rat thalamus during the first week after lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI).
- PMID 25933386
Related Links
- nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami [TA] ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus: the more lateral of the two posterior ventral nuclei of the thalamus; it is the terminus of spinothalamic fibers and the medial lemniscus and it ...
- Medical Definition of Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami 1. Lateral part of the ventrobasal nuclear complex. See: ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus. Synonym: nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami. (05 Mar 2000) Nucleus ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus VPL
- ラ
- nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami
- 関
- 後外側腹側核、外側腹側核、前腹側核、視床腹側核、後腹側核、視床後腹側核、後内側腹側核、視床前腹側核、視床外側腹側核、視床腹外側核、視床後内側腹側核
- 視床
[★]
- 関
- abdomen、abdominal、abdominis、belly、ventrad、ventrally
[★]
視床
- 関
- thalamic、thalamo、thalamus
[★]
腹側部
- 関
- ventral part