WordNet

capital as contrasted with the income derived from it (同)corpus, principal sum
the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated
the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account (同)dealer
the educator who has executive authority for a school; "she sent unruly pupils to see the principal" (同)school principal, head teacher, head
(criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvement
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom
Italian architect who pioneered in the use of reinforced concrete (1891-1979) (同)Pier Luigi Nervi

PrepTutorEJDIC

(重要性・地位・価値などが)『第1の』;おもな,主要な / 『長』,かしら;重要人物,主役 / 《しばしばP-》(小・中学校,高校の)『校長』;(特に《英》でcollegeの)学長,(時に)学寮長 / 《単数形で》(interest(利子),revenue(運用収益)と区別して)『元金』,基本財産
中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

UpToDate Contents

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1. 換気調節 control of ventilation
2. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
3. 骨盤手術に関連する神経損傷 nerve injury associated with pelvic surgery
4. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children
5. パーキンソン病の外科治療 surgical treatment of parkinson disease

English Journal

Distribution of methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem.

Sánchez ML1, Vecino E, Coveñas R.Author information 1University of Salamanca, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Salamanca, Spain. lisardosanchez8@gmail.comAbstractWe have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-enkephalin were found from rostral to caudal levels in the substantia nigra, nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus dorsalis raphae, nucleus centralis raphae, nuclei dorsalis and ventralis tegmenti of Gudden, locus ceruleus, nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, nucleus cuneatus externalis, nucleus tractus solitarius, nuclei vestibularis inferior and medialis, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus olivaris inferior and in the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the nuclei centralis and dorsalis raphae, nucleus motorius nervi trigemini, nucleus centralis superior, nucleus nervi facialis, nuclei parabrachialis medialis and lateralis, nucleus ventralis raphae, nucleus reticularis lateralis and in the formatio reticularis. We have also described the presence of perikarya containing methionine-enkephalin in the nuclei nervi abducens, ruber, nervi oculomotorius and nervi trochlearis. These results suggest that in the minipig the pentapeptide may be involved in many physiological functions (for example, proprioceptive and nociceptive information; motor, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms).
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2013 May;50-51:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-e
PMID 23538385

Sensory projections to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon.

Schall U, Güntürkün O, Delius JD.AbstractThe afferent pathways to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon were studied by use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. It was confirmed that this nucleus receives a direct pathway from the nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini and that, as in the starling, it receives a direct input from the nucleus lemnisci lateralis, pars ventralis, an auditory relay. Totally novel is the finding that the nucleus basalis prosencephali is the target of a direct pathway originating in the medullary nucleus vestibularis superior. All three pathways bypass the thalamus. From within the telencephalon the nucleus basalis prosencephali also receives fibres from the tuberculum olfactorium and the peri-ectostriatal belt, suggestive of olfactory and visual input. Marked cell bodies were also found in the neostriatum frontolaterale. It is assumed that these arose from HRP uptake by axons of the tractus fronto-archistriatalis that course through the nucleus basalis prosencephali to the anterodorsal archistriatum. Marked fibres and bouton-like formations were observed in the latter structure. The afferents to the nucleus basalis prosencephali are discussed in conjunction with the probable role of the nucleus as a sensorimotor coordinator of the pecking/feeding behaviour of the pigeon.
Cell and tissue research.Cell Tissue Res.1986;245(3):539-46.
The afferent pathways to the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon were studied by use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. It was confirmed that this nucleus receives a direct pathway from the nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini and that, as in the starling, it receives a
PMID 2428501

[Immunofluorescence localization of corticoliberin neurons in the brain of pigeons].

Bons N, Bouillé C, Vaudry H, Guillaume V.AbstractWith immunofluorescence techniques using one anti-rat or two different anti-ovine CRF, the localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) producing neurons was characterized in frozen sections of pigeon brain. Colchicine was administered intraventricularly at various day hours. The CRF neurons were localized in the telencephalon: lobus parolfactorius, nucleus (n.) accumbens, anterior commissure; in the diencephalon: n. dorso-medialis and lateralis thalami and in different structures of the hypothalamus: n. praeopticus periventricularis and medialis, paraventricularis, supraopticus medialis, lateralis, ectomamillaris and in the stratum cellulare externum. Concerning the hypothalamic localizations, results are discussed in the light of physiological studies on corticotropic regulations in pigeons. Additional populations of CRF neurons were also located in various brainstem areas substantia grisea centralis, locus caeruleus, n. tegmenti dorsalis, sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, vestibularis latetalis, solitarius, nervi hypoglossi, in the dorsal area of the n. pontis lateralis and in the n. paramedianus paragiganto--cellularis, raphes, nervi facialis, subcaeruleus and the area ventralis. These particular localizations may lead to the assumption that CRF might be involved in nervous regulations other than those related to the corticotropic function.
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie.C R Acad Sci III.1985;300(2):49-52.
With immunofluorescence techniques using one anti-rat or two different anti-ovine CRF, the localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) producing neurons was characterized in frozen sections of pigeon brain. Colchicine was administered intraventricularly at various day hours. The CRF neurons
PMID 3918776