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a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

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中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/11 15:32:51」(JST)

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In anatomy, the olivary bodies or simply olives (Latin oliva and olivae, singular and plural, respectively) are a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei.

Structure

The olivary body is located on the anterior surface of the medulla lateral to the pyramid, from which it is separated by the antero-lateral sulcus and the fibers of the hypoglossal nerve.

Behind (dorsally), it is separated from the postero-lateral sulcus by the ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus. In the depression between the upper end of the olive and the pons lies the vestibulocochlear nerve.

In humans, it measures about 1.25 cm. in length, and between its upper end and the pons there is a slight depression to which the roots of the facial nerve are attached.

The external arcuate fibers wind across the lower part of the pyramid and olive and enter the inferior peduncle.

Olivary nuclei

The olive consists of two parts:

The inferior olivary nucleus (or 'complex'), which is a part of the olivo-cerebellar system and is mainly involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function.
The superior olivary nucleus, considered part of the pons and part of the auditory system, aiding the perception of sound.

The inferior olive in itself is divided to 3 main nuclei:

The primary olivary nucleus (PO) which consist of the major laminar structure.
The medial accessory olivary nucleus (MAO) lies between the primary olivary nucleus and the pyramid, and forms a curved lamina, the concavity of which is directed laterally.
The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (DAO) is the smallest, and appears on transverse section as a curved lamina behind the primary olivary nucleus.

Small additional inferior olivary structures consist of the dorsal cap of Kooy and the ventrolateral outgrowth.

Additional images

Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories (I to V).
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.
The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.
Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.
Basal view of a human brain

External links

Gray's s187 (primary source for article)
Stained brain slice images which include the "Olivary%20nucleus" at the BrainMaps project

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Distribution of CGRP in the minipig brainstem.

Lisardo Sánchez M1, Vecino E, Coveñas R.
Microscopy research and technique.Microsc Res Tech.2014 May;77(5):374-84. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22355. Epub 2014 Mar 8.
For the first time, an in-depth study has been made of the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the minipig brainstem using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The animals studied were not treated with colchicine. Cell bodies containing CGRP
PMID 24610802

Distribution of methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem.

Sánchez ML1, Vecino E, Coveñas R.
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2013 May;50-51:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-e
PMID 23538385

Immunohistochemical features of dystrophic axons in Papillon dogs with neuroaxonal dystrophy.

Nibe K1, Nakayama H, Uchida K.
Veterinary pathology.Vet Pathol.2009 May;46(3):474-83. doi: 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0156-U-FL. Epub 2009 Jan 27.
The immunohistochemical features of dystrophic axons in brain tissues of Papillon dogs with neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) were examined in comparison with 1 dog with cerebellar cortical abiotrophy (CCA) and a dog without neurologic signs. Histologically, many dystrophic axons were observed throughout
PMID 19176506

Japanese Journal

血管迷走神経反射におけるアドレナリンの脳血流に及ぼす影響 : ネコを使用した血管迷走神経反射の実験的モデル

正木義男,渡辺道隆,古川朋靖,加納昭彦,山谷千恵美,市川銀一郎,住吉正孝
Equilibrium research 57(5), 529-535, 1998-10-01
… The regional blood flows in the nucleus vestibularis, nucleus olivaris inferior and nucleus fastigii were measured by the hydrogen clearance method. …
NAID 10008711575

Distribution of Monoamine Oxidase-Containing Neurons in the Grass Parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) Brain

SAKAI Kazuyoshi,KARASAWA Nobuyuki,YAMADA Keiki,ARAI Ryouhachi,NAGATSU Ikuko
Acta histochemica et cytochemica 29(4), 319-326, 1996-08-01
… MAO-containing neurons were located in the nucleus locus coeruleus, around the nucleus n. … facialis (nVII), lateral region to the nucleus olivaris inferior and nucleus tractus solitarius, where noradrenaline neurons exist. … Another group was located in the ventral region of nervi oculomotorii, caudal region of nucleus n. …
NAID 10008605802

Parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity in the human central auditory system.

SETO-OHSHIMA AKIKO,AOKI EIKO,OMORI AKIRA,TADA TOYOHIRO,MIZUTANI AKIRA
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 25(1/2), 153-159, 1992
… In the auditory pathway, the nervus vestibulocochlearis, striae acusticae, nuclei cochlearis ventralis et dorsalis, nucleus medialis olivaris superioris, lemniscus lateralis, nuclei lemniscus lateralis ventralis et dorsalis and colliculus inferior were found to contain immunopositive neurons and/or fibers. … The nucleus lateralis olivaris superioris and nucleus medialis corporis trapezoidei in the human are difficult to localize. …
NAID 130000933126

「オリーブ核」

Olivary body
	The medulla, showing the olivary bodies lying adjacent to the pyramids.
	Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.
Details
Latin	oliva
Part of	Medulla
Identifiers
Gray's	p.781
MeSH	A08.186.211.132.810.406.574
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_02/12589442
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy