WordNet

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
OLD French古[代]フランス語

UpToDate Contents

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1. 換気調節 control of ventilation
2. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
3. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children
4. パーキンソン病の外科治療 surgical treatment of parkinson disease
5. 同名半盲 homonymous hemianopia

English Journal

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with Cys111Tyr mutation in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase showing widespread Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions.

Suzuki M1, Yasui K, Ishikawai H, Nomura M, Watanabe T, Mikami H, Yamano T, Ono S.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Anesaki 3426-3, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0111, Japan.AbstractWe described a 43-year-old Japanese man with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) in whom we identified a missense mutation (Cys111→Tyr) in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene in which no pathological data have been reported. The disease duration was 5 years, and he died of respiratory failure. The initial sign was weakness of the right leg. He had no clear upper motor involvement. Neuropathological examinations showed neuronal intracytoplasmic Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions (LBHIs) not only in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, but also in many other affected neurons. LBHIs were seen in the anterior horn cells, Onufrowicz nucleus, Clarke's nucleus, intermediolateral nucleus, and posterior gray horn of the spinal cord. In addition, LBHIs were observed in the periaqueductal gray matter, nucleus raphe dorsalis, locus ceruleus, trigeminal motor nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal vagal nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, and reticular formation of the brain stem. These are very specific findings that neuronal LBHIs in our case are for more widespread reported cases, and similar cases to ours have never reported in FALS.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2011 Jan 15;300(1-2):182-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.007.
We described a 43-year-old Japanese man with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) in whom we identified a missense mutation (Cys111→Tyr) in exon 4 of the Cu/Zn superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene in which no pathological data have been reported. The disease duration was 5 years, and he d
PMID 20888599

Selective vulnerability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: no evidence for a contribution of annexins, a family of calcium binding proteins.

Probst-Cousin S1, Bergmann M, Maihöfner C, Neundörfer B, Heuss D.Author information 1Centre of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. stefan.probst-cousin@neuro.imed.uni-erlangen.deAbstractClinically, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually presents as a pure motor system disorder, whereas oculomotor and sphincter muscle control of the anus and the bladder appear to be spared. Previously, a lacking expression of calcium binding proteins (CBPs) was demonstrated in vulnerable motor neurons in contrast to spared neuronal populations, e.g., the motor neurons of the cranial nerve III (NO) and the Onufrowicz nucleus (ON), suggesting a potential role of CBPs in the selective motoneuronal vulnerability in ALS. The annexins comprise a multigene family of CBPs, constituting a significant amount of total cellular protein and presumably involved in calcium-homeostasis and intracellular calcium-regulated pathways. We immunohistochemically investigated the expression patterns of annexins A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, and A7 in spinal cord and midbrain tissues from 24 ALS patients and 5 age-matched controls to test the hypothesis that annexins also contribute to the selective vulnerability in ALS. There was no difference in the expression patterns of ALS cases and normal controls. Annexin A1 was expressed in ependymal cells and motor neurons. Annexin A2 could be detected in ependymal and endothelial cells and motor neurons. Annexins A4 and A5 were found in both ependymal and glial cells, whereas annexin A6 was strongly expressed in motor neurons. Annexin A7 was totally absent from central nervous system tissue. A contribution of annexins to the selective vulnerability in ALS could not be derived from our results.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders : official publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases.Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord.2004 Sep;5(3):180-7.
Clinically, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually presents as a pure motor system disorder, whereas oculomotor and sphincter muscle control of the anus and the bladder appear to be spared. Previously, a lacking expression of calcium binding proteins (CBPs) was demonstrated in vulnerable motor
PMID 15512907

The pathology of the spinal cord in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Vitaliani R1, Scaravilli T, Egarter-Vigl E, Giometto B, Klein C, Scaravilli F, An SF, Pramstaller PP.Author information 1Clinica Neurologica 2a, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.AbstractWe describe the results of a study of the spinal cord of 5 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Examination of the 6th cervical, 7th thoracic, and 5th lumbar segments revealed variable degree of gliosis and density of neuropil threads (NTs), nerve cell loss, and tau-positive cytoplasmic staining of neurons, some of which was reminiscent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Tau-positive neurons were seen at each spinal level and in the 3 zones in which each level was subdivided. Cells with the appearance of NFT predominated in the intermediate zone. Morphometric study revealed 47%, 52%, and 32% decrease in cell numbers in the motor area (lamina IX) at the 3 spinal levels, respectively, and 39% in the intermedio-lateral column. This is the first report describing severe neuronal loss throughout the whole spinal cord in patients with PSP and its results are in keeping with a previous study of the nucleus of Onufrowicz. The reasons why cell loss fails to produce clinical symptoms are analyzed and the clinico-pathological correlations between anatomical changes and dystonia are considered. On the basis of existing data, we conclude that previous suggestions implicating spinal interneurons in the pathogenesis of neck dystonia should not be supported.
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.2002 Mar;61(3):268-74.
We describe the results of a study of the spinal cord of 5 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Examination of the 6th cervical, 7th thoracic, and 5th lumbar segments revealed variable degree of gliosis and density of neuropil threads (NTs), nerve cell loss, and tau-positive cytoplasm
PMID 11895041