マイネルト基底核
- 関
- basal nucleus of Meynert、nucleus basalis magnocellularis
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
- of primary importance (同)primary
- serving as or forming a base; "the painter applied a base coat followed by two finishing coats" (同)base
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
- 基底の,基部の / 基礎的な,基本的な
- OLD French古[代]フランス語
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/12 23:48:59」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Brain: Nucleus basalis of Meynert |
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| MRI showing a coronal plane of the head with marks showing the location of the substantia innominata, the region in which the nucleus basalis is found. |
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| Intermediate magnification micrograph of the nucleus basalis (of Meynert). LFB-HE stain. |
| Latin |
nucleus basalis telencephali |
| Gray's |
subject #189 813 |
| NeuroNames |
hier-257 |
| MeSH |
Basal+nucleus+of+Meynert |
Nucleus basalis of Meynert, abbreviated NBM and also known as the nucleus basalis, is a group of neurons in the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain which has wide projections to the neocortex and is rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase.
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Contents
- 1 Clinical significance
- 2 Anatomy
- 3 Cholinergic neurons/cell bodies
- 4 Eponym
- 5 Additional images
- 6 References
- 7 External links
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Clinical significance [edit]
In Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases the nucleus undergoes degeneration. A decrease in acetylcholine production is seen in Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and some Parkinson disease patients showing abnormal brain function, leading to a general decrease of mental capacity and learning.
Most pharmacological treatments of dementia focus on compensating for a faltering NBM function through artificially increasing acetylcholine levels.
Anatomy [edit]
NBM in relation to the globus pallidus (top of image).
The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata. The NBM is immediately inferior to the Anterior Commissure and superior and lateral to the anterior portion of the Hypothalamus.
Cholinergic neurons/cell bodies [edit]
The primary concentration of cholinergic neurons/cell bodies that project to the neocortex are in the basal nucleus of Meynert which is located in the substantia innominata of the anterior perforated substance. These cholinergic neurons have a number of important functions in particular with respect to modulating the ratio of reality and virtual reality components of visual perception.[1] Experimental evidence has shown that normal visual perception has two components.[1] The first (A) is a bottom-up component in which the input to the higher visual cortex (where conscious perception takes place) comes from the retina via the lateral geniculate body and V1. This carries information about what is actually outside. The second (B) is a top-down component in which the input to the higher visual cortex comes from other areas of the cortex. This carries information about what the brain computes is most probably outside. In normal vision, what is seen at the center of attention is carried by A, and material at the periphery of attention is carried mainly by B. When a new potentially important stimulus is received, the Nucleus Basalis is activated. The axons it sends to the visual cortex provide collaterals to pyramidal cells in layer IV (the input layer for retinal fibres) where they activate excitatory nicotinic receptors and thus potentiate retinal activation of V1.[2] The cholinergic axons then proceed to layers 1-11 (the input layer for cortico-cortical fibres) where they activate inhibitory muscarinic receptors of pyramidal cells, and thus inhibit cortico-cortical conduction.[2] In this way activation of Nucleus Basalis promotes (A) and inhibits (B) thus allowing full attention to be paid to the new stimulus. Goard and Dan,[3] and Kuo et al.[4] report similar findings. Gerrard Reopit, in 1984, confirmed the reported findings in his research.
Eponym [edit]
It is named for Theodor Meynert.[5]
Additional images [edit]
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NBM in relation to the globus pallidus and putamen - very low magnification.
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NBM - very high magnification.
References [edit]
- ^ a b Smythies, J. (2009) Philosophy, Perception and Neuroscience. Philosophy 38, 638–51.
- ^ a b Yu AJ, Dayan P (May 2005). "Uncertainty, neuromodulation, and attention". Neuron 46 (4): 681–92. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.026. PMID 15944135.
- ^ Goard M, Dan Y (November 2009). "Basal forebrain activation enhances cortical coding of natural scenes". Nat. Neurosci. 12 (11): 1444–9. doi:10.1038/nn.2402. PMID 19801988.
- ^ Kuo MC, Rasmusson DD, Dringenberg HC (September 2009). "Input-selective potentiation and rebalancing of primary sensory cortex afferents by endogenous acetylcholine". Neuroscience 163 (1): 430–41. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.026. PMID 19531370.
- ^ synd/3820 at Who Named It?
External links [edit]
- location at univ-rennes1.fr
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
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Human brain, cerebrum, Interior of the cerebral hemispheres—Rostral Basal ganglia and associated structures (TA A14.1.09.321–552, GA 9.832–837)
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| Basal ganglia |
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Grey matter
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Corpus striatum
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- striatum: Putamen
- Caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus: Putamen
- Globus pallidus (GPe
- GPi)
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Ventral striatum
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- Nucleus accumbens
- Olfactory tubercle
- Islands of Calleja
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Other
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White matter
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Internal capsule (Anterior limb
- Genu
- Posterior limb
- Optic radiation)
Corona radiata
- External capsule
- Extreme capsule
Pallidothalamic tracts: Thalamic fasciculus (Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus)
- Subthalamic fasciculus
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| Rhinencephalon |
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Grey matter
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- Anterior olfactory nucleus
- Anterior perforated substance
- Olfactory bulb
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White matter
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- Olfactory tract (Medial olfactory stria
- Lateral olfactory stria)
- Olfactory trigone
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| Other basal forebrain |
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Grey matter
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- Substantia innominata (Basal optic nucleus of Meynert)
- Nucleus of diagonal band
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White matter
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- Diagonal band of Broca
- Stria terminalis
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Archicortex:
Hippocampal formation/
Hippocampus anatomy |
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Grey matter
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- Hippocampus proper: CA1
- CA2
- CA3
- CA4
Dentate gyrus: Fascia dentata
Subiculum
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White matter
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- Alveus
- Fimbria
- Perforant path
- Schaffer collateral
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Neurotransmitter systems
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| Acetylcholine |
Nucleus basalis of Meynert → Neocortex
Septal nuclei (Medial septal nucleus) → Fornix → Hippocampus
Striatum
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| BA/M |
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Dopaminergic pathways
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Mesocortical pathway: Ventral tegmental area → Frontal cortex
Mesolimbic pathway: Ventral tegmental area → Nucleus accumbens
Nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum
Tuberoinfundibular pathway: Hypothalamus → Pituitary gland
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Norepinephrine
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Locus coeruleus
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Serotonin pathways
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Raphe nuclei · Anterior raphespinal tract · Lateral raphespinal tract
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| AA |
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Aspartate
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Climbing fibers
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GABA
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Globus pallidus
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Glycine
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Renshaw cells
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Glutamate
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Thalamus · Subthalamic nucleus · Globus pallidus
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Resting state functional connectivity of the basal nucleus of Meynert in humans: In comparison to the ventral striatum and the effects of age.
- Li CS1, Ide JS2, Zhang S3, Hu S3, Chao HH4, Zaborszky L5.
- NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Aug 15;97:321-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.019. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
- The basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) provides the primary cholinergic inputs to the cerebral cortex. Loss of neurons in the BNM is linked to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative conditions. Numerous animal studies described cholinergic and non-cholinergic neuronal responses
- PMID 24736176
- Atrophy of the cholinergic basal forebrain in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease dementia.
- Grothe MJ1, Schuster C, Bauer F, Heinsen H, Prudlo J, Teipel SJ.
- Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2014 Jul 25. [Epub ahead of print]
- Similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by a profound degeneration of cortically-projecting cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) and associated depletion of cortical cholinergic activity. We aimed to investigate subregional atrophy of the BF i
- PMID 25059393
- Neuroanatomical distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in the socially monogamous coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus).
- Freeman SM1, Walum H2, Inoue K2, Smith AL3, Goodman MM3, Bales KL4, Young LJ2.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Jul 25;273:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.055. Epub 2014 May 9.
- The coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) is a socially monogamous New World primate that has been studied in the field and the laboratory to investigate the behavioral neuroendocrinology of primate pair bonding and parental care. Arginine vasopressin has been shown to influence male titi monkey
- PMID 24814726
Japanese Journal
- Astrocyte Calcium Signaling Transforms Cholinergic Modulation to Cortical Plasticity In Vivo
- 高田 則雄,三嶋 恒子,久恒 智博,永井 てるみ,戎井 悦子,御子柴 克彦,平瀬 肇
- The Journal of
- … We investigated first whether a combined stimulation of mouse whiskers and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the principal source of cholinergic innervation to the cortex, leads to enhanced whisker-evoked local field potential. … During the induction of this synaptic plasticity, we find that astrocytic [Ca2+] is pronouncedly elevated, which is blocked by mAChR antagonists. …
- NAID 120004161559
- Meynert基底核とアセチルコリン神経伝達 (認知症学(上)その解明と治療の最新知見) -- (基礎編 ニューロトランスミッターと神経伝達機能)
Related Links
- Fig. 1. Anatomical diagram of the left hemisphere demonstrating location of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and its major projecting cholinergic pathways in the human brain. The medial surface of the left hemisphere is closest to the ...
- Definition of NUCLEUS BASALIS OF MEYNERT: nucleus basalis Biographical Note for NUCLEUS BASALIS OF MEYNERT Meynert, Theodor Hermann (1833–1892), Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist. Meynert was a professor of ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
基底核大細胞部
- 関
- basal nucleus of Meynert、nucleus basalis of Meynert
[★]
- 関
- base、basement、bases、basic、basis、element、elementary、fundamental、fundamentals、fundus、ground
[★]
基底核
- 関
- basal ganglia、basal ganglion、basal nuclei、basal nucleus
