- 関
- nucleolus organizer、nucleolus organizer region
WordNet
- arrange by systematic planning and united effort; "machinate a plot"; "organize a strike"; "devise a plan to take over the directors office" (同)organise, prepare, devise, get_up, machinate
- cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea (同)organise
- bring order and organization to; "Can you help me organize my files?" (同)organise, coordinate
- a person who brings order and organization to an enterprise; "she was the organizer of the meeting" (同)organiser, arranger
- someone who enlists workers to join a union (同)organiser, labor organizer
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 組織者;設立者;(組合の)オルグ
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/30 01:08:47」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The location of NORs and the nucleolar cycle in human cells.
Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are chromosomal regions crucial for the formation of the nucleolus. In humans, the NORs are located on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22.[1] These regions code for 5.8S, 18S, and 28S ribosomal RNA.[1] The NORs are "sandwiched" between the repetitive, heterochromatic DNA sequences of the centromeres and telomeres.[1] The exact sequence of these regions is not included in the human reference genome as of 2016[1] or the GRCh38.p10 released Januarary 6, 2017.[2] However, it is known that NORs contain tandem copies of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes.[1] Some sequences of flanking sequences proximal and distal to NORs have been reported.[3] The NORs of a loris have been reported to be highly variable.[4] There are also DNA sequences related to rDNA that are on other chromosomes and may be involved in nucleoli formation.[5]
Silver-stained nucleolus organizer region (arrow) at the tip of a chromosome of the Gecko
Lepidodactylus lugubris
Contents
- 1 Visualization
- 2 Molecular biology
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Visualization
The DJ forms a perinucleolar anchor for rDNA repeats.
Barbara McClintock first described the "nucleolar-organizing body" in Zea mays in 1934.[6] In karyotype analysis, a silver stain can be used to identify the NOR.[7][8] NORs can also be seen in nucleoli using silver stain, and that is being used to investigate cancerous changes.[9][10][11] NORs can also be seen using antibodies directed against the protein UBF, which binds to NOR DNA.[1]
Molecular biology
In addition to UBF, NORs also bind to ATRX protein, treacle, sirtuin-7 and other proteins.[1] UBF has been identified as a mitotic "bookmark" of expressed rDNA, which allows it to resume transcription quickly after mitosis.[1] The distal flanking junction (DJ) of the NORs has been shown to associate with the periphery of nucleoli.[3] rDNA operons in Escherichia coli have been found to cluster near each other, similar to a eukaryotic nucleolus.[12]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h McStay B (2016). "Nucleolar organizer regions: genomic 'dark matter' requiring illumination". Genes & Development. 30 (14): 1598–610. PMC 4973289 . PMID 27474438. doi:10.1101/gad.283838.116.
- ^ anon. "Human Genome Overview". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Genome Reference Consortium. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- ^ a b Floutsakou I, Agrawal S, Nguyen TT, Seoighe C, Ganley AR, McStay B (2013). "The shared genomic architecture of human nucleolar organizer regions". Genome Research. 23 (12): 2003–12. PMC 3847771 . PMID 23990606. doi:10.1101/gr.157941.113.
- ^ Baicharoen S, Hirai Y, Srikulnath K, Kongprom U, Hirai H (2016). "Hypervariability of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Bengal Slow Lorises, Nycticebus bengalensis (Primates, Lorisidae)". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 149 (4): 267–273. PMID 27648559. doi:10.1159/000449145.
- ^ Kupriyanova NS, Netchvolodov KK, Sadova AA, Cherepanova MD, Ryskov AP (2015). "Non-canonical ribosomal DNA segments in the human genome, and nucleoli functioning". Gene. 572 (2): 237–42. PMID 26164756. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.019.
- ^ McClintock B (1934). "The relation of a particular chromosomal element to the development of the nucleoli in Zea mays". Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie. 21 (2): 294–328. doi:10.1007/BF00374060.
- ^ Bloom SE, Goodpasture C (October 1976). "An improved technique for selective silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions in human chromosomes". Human Genetics. 34 (2): 199–206. PMID 63440. doi:10.1007/bf00278889.
- ^ Lau YF, Pfeiffer RA, Arrighi FE, Hsu TC (January 1978). "Combination of silver and fluorescent staining for metaphase chromosomes". American Journal of Human Genetics. 30 (1): 76–9. PMC 1685453 . PMID 74950.
- ^ Stepan A, Simionescu C, Pirici D, Ciurea R, Margaritescu C (2015). "Fractal analysis and the diagnostic usefulness of silver staining nucleolar organizer regions in prostate adenocarcinoma". Analytical Cellular Pathology (Amsterdam). 2015: 250265. PMC 4558419 . PMID 26366372. doi:10.1155/2015/250265.
- ^ Gundog M, Yildiz OG, Imamoglu N, Aslan D, Aytekin A, Soyuer I, Soyuer S (2015). "Prognostic Significance of Two Dimensional AgNOR Evaluation in Local Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Chemoradiotherapy". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP. 16 (18): 8155–61. PMID 26745054.
- ^ Sowmya GV, Nahar P, Astekar M, Agarwal H, Singh MP (2017). "Analysis of silver binding nucleolar organizer regions in exfoliative cytology smears of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions". Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 92 (2): 115–121. PMID 28296547. doi:10.1080/10520295.2017.1283055.
- ^ Gaal T, Bratton BP, Sanchez-Vazquez P, Sliwicki A, Sliwicki K, Vegel A, Pannu R, Gourse RL (2016). "Colocalization of distant chromosomal loci in space in E. coli: a bacterial nucleolus". Genes & Development. 30 (20): 2272–2285. PMC 5110994 . PMID 27898392. doi:10.1101/gad.290312.116.
|
Structures of the cell / organelles (TH H1.00.01.2-3)
|
| Endomembrane system |
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Parenthesome
- Autophagosome
- Vesicles
- Exosome
- Lysosome
- Endosome
- Phagosome
- Vacuole
- Acrosome
- Cytoplasmic granules
- Melanosome
- Microbody
- Glyoxysome
- Peroxisome
- Weibel–Palade body
|
| Cytoskeleton |
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
- Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
- MTOCs
- Centrosome
- Centriole
- Basal body
- Spindle pole body
- Myofibril
|
| Endosymbionts |
- Mitochondrion
- Plastids
- Chloroplast
- Chromoplast
- Gerontoplast
- Leucoplast
- Amyloplast
- Elaioplast
- Proteinoplast
- Tannosome
|
| Other internal |
- RNA
- Ribosome
- Spliceosome
- Vault
- Cytoplasm
- Proteasome
|
| External |
- Undulipodium
- Cilium
- Flagellum
- Axoneme
- Radial spoke
- Extracellular matrix
|
|
Structures of the cell nucleus / nuclear protein
|
Envelope (membrane)/
nuclear lamina |
- Pore complex:
- Nucleoporin
- NUP35
- NUP37
- NUP43
- NUP50
- NUP54
- NUP62
- NUP85
- NUP88
- NUP93
- NUP98
- NUP107
- NUP133
- NUP153
- NUP155
- NUP160
- NUP188
- NUP205
- NUP210
- NUP214
- AAAS
|
| Nucleolus |
- Cajal (coiled) body
- SMN
- GEMIN2
- GEMIN4
- GEMIN5
- GEMIN6
- GEMIN7
- DDX20
- COIL
- Perinucleolar compartment
- TCOF
- ATXN7
|
| Other |
- Chromatin
- Dot (PML body)
- Paraspeckle
|
| SMC protein: |
- Cohesin
- Condensin
- NCAPD2
- NCAPD3
- NCAPG
- NCAPG2
- NCAPH
- NCAPH2
- SMC2
- SMC4
- DNA repair
|
| Transition nuclear protein: |
|
- Nuclear matrix (Nucleoskeleton)
- Nucleoplasm (Nucleosol)
|
|
|
- see also transcription factors and intracellular receptors
|
|
|
see also nucleus diseases
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- A high-resolution physical map integrating an anchored chromosome with the BAC physical maps of wheat chromosome 6B.
- Kobayashi F1, Wu J2,3, Kanamori H4, Tanaka T5, Katagiri S6, Karasawa W7, Kaneko S8, Watanabe S9, Sakaguchi T10, Hanawa Y11, Fujisawa H12, Kurita K13, Abe C14, Iehisa JC15, Ohno R16, Šafář J17, Šimková H18, Mukai Y19, Hamada M20, Saito M21, Ishikawa G22, Katayose Y23, Endo TR24, Takumi S25, Nakamura T26, Sato K27, Ogihara Y28, Hayakawa K29, Doležel J30, Nasuda S31, Matsumoto T32, Handa H33.
- BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2015 Aug 12;16(1):595. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1803-y.
- BACKGROUND: A complete genome sequence is an essential tool for the genetic improvement of wheat. Because the wheat genome is large, highly repetitive and complex due to its allohexaploid nature, the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) chose a strategy that involves constructing
- PMID 26265254
- Combined therapeutic efficacy of carvacrol and X-radiation against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis.
- Arivalagan S1, Thomas NS, Chandrasekaran B, Mani V, Siddique AI, Kuppsamy T, Namasivayam N.
- Molecular and cellular biochemistry.Mol Cell Biochem.2015 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
- Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the combined therapeutic efficacy of carvacrol (CVC) and X-radiation against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. Mal
- PMID 26264073
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Data Suggest Deuterodon pedri Eigenmann, 1907 (Teleostei: Characidae) Is a Member of an Ancient Coastal Group.
- Coutinho-Sanches N1, Dergam JA1.
- Zebrafish.Zebrafish.2015 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
- The genus Deuterodon has been taxonomically recently redefined. Seven of its species have been included in this genus, whereas three others are regarded as Incertae Sedis in Characidae. One of latter is Deuterodon pedri, an endemic species from Santo Antônio River in Minas Gerais. Cytogenetic and m
- PMID 26267614
Japanese Journal
- Karyological Analysis of the Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Perciformes, Latidae)
- Phimphan Sumalee,Tanomtong Alongklod,Supiwong Weerayuth,Nithikulworawong Nudtha,Suvarnaraksha Apinun,Kaewsri Sarawut
- CYTOLOGIA 80(2), 167-172, 2015
- … The Ag-NOR banding technique indicated that the single pair of nucleolar organizer regions/NORs is located on the short arm telomeric region of large acrocentric chromosome pair 3. …
- NAID 130005074300
- Chromosomal Characteristics of the Royal Knifefish, Chitala blanci (Osteoglossiformes, Notopteridae) by Conventional and Ag-NOR Staining Techniques
- Maneechot Nuntiya,Supiwong Weerayuth,Jumrusthanasan Sarun,Siripiyasing Pornnarong,Pinthong Krit,Tanomtong Alongklod
- CYTOLOGIA 80(2), 159-166, 2015
- … The first chromosomal characteristic of nucleolar organizer regions/NORs and karyological analysis of the royal knifefish (Chitala blanci) from Mekong River, northeast Thailand, were studied. …
- NAID 130005074299
- The First Report on Standardized Karyotype and Idiogram of Indochinese Silvered Langur, Trachypithecus germaini germaini (Primates, Colobinae) in Thailand
- Supanuam Praween,Tanomtong Alongklod,Khunsook Sumpars,Khrueanet Wilailuk,Pinthong Krit,Wonkaonoi Weeranuch
- CYTOLOGIA 80(2), 183-192, 2015
- … We found that nucleolar organizer regions (the representative of chromosome marker) are located on the long arms near centromeres of a pair submetacentric autosome 17. …
- NAID 130005074298
Related Links
- forum Join the Word of the Day Mailing List For webmasters TheFreeDictionary Google Bing? Word / Article Starts with Ends with Text ... nucleolar organizer [no o klē′ələr] Etymology: L, nucleolus, little nut kernel; Gk, organon, instrument, ...
- EBSCOhost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including nucleolar organizer:. Get access to over 12 million other articles! ... A definition of the term "nucleolar organizer" is presented. It ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- nucleolar organizer、nucleolus organizer
- 同
- 核小体オーガナイザー、仁形成体、仁域 nucleolar zone
- 関
- 核小体形成域
[★]
- 英
- nucleolus organizer region, nucleolar organizer, NOR
- 同
- 核仁形成域、仁形成域、核小体形成体
[★]
核小体形成体
- 関
- nucleolar organizer
[★]
- 関
- nucleolar organizer
[★]
- 組織化する、器質化する、構築する、オーガナイズする
- 関
- architectural、architecture、assemble、assembly、build、construct、orchestrate、organisation、organise、organization、organizational、organized、structure
[★]
- 関
- cell nucleolus、nuclear body、nucleoli、nucleolus