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injurious to physical or mental health; "noxious chemical wastes"; "noxious ideas"

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(健康上)有害な,身体に悪い / (道徳的に)有害な,不健全な
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/28 01:02:14」(JST)

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A noxious stimulus is "an actually or potentially tissue damaging event."^[1] It is a prerequisite for nociception, which itself is a prerequisite for nociceptive pain^[1]

Noxious stimuli can either be mechanical (e.g. pinching or other tissue deformation), chemical (e.g. exposure to acid or irritant), or thermal (e.g. high or low temperatures).

There are some types of tissue damage that are not detected by any sensory receptors, and thus cannot cause pain. Therefore, not all noxious stimuli are adequate stimuli of nociceptors. The adequate stimuli of nociceptors are termed nociceptive stimuli. A nociceptive stimulus is defined as "an actually or potentially tissue damaging event transduced and encoded by nociceptors."^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Loeser JD, Treede RD. (2008). "The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology.". Pain 137 (3): 473–7. DOI:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.025. PMID 18583048.

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Altered brain responses in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome during cued and uncued pain expectation.

Hong JY1,2,3, Naliboff B1,2,4,5, Labus JS1,2,4,5, Gupta A1,2, Kilpatrick LA1,2,4, Ashe-McNalley C1,2,4, Stains J1,2, Heendeniya N1,2, Smith SR1,2, Tillisch K1,2,4, Mayer EA1,2,4,5,6,7.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2016 Jan;28(1):127-38. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12710. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
BACKGROUND: A majority of the subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show increased behavioral and brain responses to expected and delivered aversive visceral stimuli during controlled rectal balloon distension, and during palpation of the sigmoid colon. We aimed to determine if altered brain
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Pain inhibits pain; human brainstem mechanisms.

Youssef AM1, Macefield VG2, Henderson LA3.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2016 Jan 1;124(Pt A):54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.060. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
Conditioned pain modulation is a powerful analgesic mechanism, occurring when a painful stimulus is inhibited by a second painful stimulus delivered at a different body location. Reduced conditioned pain modulation capacity is associated with the development of some chronic pain conditions and the e
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Determination of the minimum infusion rate of propofol required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to a standardized noxious stimulus in goats.

Ferreira JP1, Ndawana PS1, Dzikiti LN2, Dzikiti BT1.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.Vet Anaesth Analg.2015 Dec 15. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12327. [Epub ahead of print]
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