WordNet

reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
less than zero; "a negative number"
drive (a vessel) ashore
line consisting of a complex of fibers or filaments that are twisted together to form a thread or a rope or a cable
a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole; "he tried to pick up the strands of his former life"; "I could hear several melodic strands simultaneously"
a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)r

PrepTutorEJDIC

『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate
〈船〉‘を'座礁させる / 《受動態で》〈人〉‘を'置き去りにする,困った状態におく / 〈船が〉座礁する / 〈人が〉途方に暮れる,立ち往生する / 岸,浜
こ撚(よ)り(何本かより合わせて糸・なわなどにするその一本) / (より合わせた)糸,ひも;(頭髪の)房 / (真珠・ビーズなど)ひもに通したもの
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
resistance / 17歳以下父兄同伴映画の表示 / rook
ribonucleic acid・リボ核酸

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性C型肝炎ウイルス感染の診断および評価 diagnosis and evaluation of chronic hepatitis c virus infection
2. D型肝炎ウイルス感染の診断 diagnosis of hepatitis d virus infection
3. 一般的なB型肝炎ウイルス亜種の臨床的意義および分子学的特徴 clinical significance and molecular characteristics of common hepatitis b virus variants
4. B型肝炎ウイルス感染の臨床症状および自然経過 clinical manifestations and natural history of hepatitis b virus infection
5. 慢性C型肝炎ウイルス感染のスクリーニング screening for chronic hepatitis c virus infection

English Journal

Neurovirulence and immunogenicity of attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses in nonhuman primates.

Clarke DK1, Nasar F2, Chong S3, Johnson JE3, Coleman JW4, Lee M3, Witko SE3, Kotash CS3, Abdullah R3, Megati S3, Luckay A3, Nowak B5, Lackner A6, Price RE7, Little P8, Kalyan N3, Randolf V3, Javadian A3, Zamb TJ3, Parks CL4, Egan MA5, Eldridge J5, Hendry M9, Udem SA3.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Jun 15;88(12):6690-701. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03441-13. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
In previous work, a prototypic recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana serotype (rVSIV) vector expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env antigens protected nonhuman primates (NHPs) from disease following challenge with an HIV-1/SIV
PMID 24696472

RIG-I-like receptors and negative-strand RNA viruses: RLRly bird catches some worms.

Weber M1, Weber F2.
Cytokine & growth factor reviews.Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.2014 May 20. pii: S1359-6101(14)00046-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.05.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Negative strand RNA viruses with a nonsegmented genome (ns-NSVs) or a segmented genome (s-NSVs) are an important source of human and animal diseases. Survival of the host from those infections is critically dependent on rapidly reacting innate immune responses. Two cytoplasmic RNA helicases, RIG-I a
PMID 24894317

mRNA cap methylation influences pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus in vivo.

Ma Y1, Wei Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Cai H, Zhu Y, Shilo K, Oglesbee M, Krakowka S, Whelan SP, Li J.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Mar;88(5):2913-26. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03420-13. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
One role of mRNA cap guanine-N-7 (G-N-7) methylation is to facilitate the efficient translation of mRNA. The role of mRNA cap ribose 2'-O methylation is enigmatic, although recent work has implicated this as a signature to avoid detection of RNA by the innate immune system (S. Daffis, K. J. Szretter
PMID 24371058

Japanese Journal

Bornavirus closely associates and segregates with host chromosomes to ensure persistent intranuclear infection.

Matsumoto Yusuke,Hayashi Yohei,Omori Hiroko,Honda Tomoyuki,Daito Takuji,Horie Masayuki,Ikuta Kazuyoshi,Fujino Kan,Nakamura Shoko,Schneider Urs,Chase Geoffrey,Yoshimori Tamotsu,Schwemmle Martin,Tomonaga Keizo
Cell host & microbe 11(5), 492-503, 2012-05-17
… Bornaviruses are nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses that establish a persistent infection in the nucleus and occasionally integrate a DNA genome copy into the host chromosomal DNA. … We show that Borna disease virus (BDV), a mammalian bornavirus, closely associates with the cellular chromosome to ensure intranuclear infection. …
NAID 120004161070

A novel borna disease virus vector system that stably expresses foreign proteins from an intercistronic noncoding region.

Daito Takuji,Fujino Kan,Honda Tomoyuki,Matsumoto Yusuke,Watanabe Yohei,Tomonaga Keizo
Journal of virology 85(23), 12170-12178, 2011-09
… Borna disease virus (BDV), a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, infects a wide variety of mammalian species and readily establishes a long-lasting, persistent infection in brain cells. … Therefore, this virus could be a promising candidate as a novel RNA virus vector enabling stable gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS). …
NAID 120003644366