WordNet
- a subordinate clause that does not limit or restrict the meaning of the noun phrase it modifies (同)descriptive clause
- (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence
- not limiting the reference of a modified word or phrase; "the nonrestrictive clause in `I always buy his books, which have influenced me greatly, refers to his books generally and adds an additional fact about them"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (文法で)『節』(文の一部で「主語+述語動詞」の構造を持っている語の集まり) / (条約・法律などの)『箇条』,条項
- (文法で)非制限的な
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/10/31 13:16:47」(JST)
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A non-restrictive clause is a clause in which a noun phrase that is used to avoid repetition (as the referent of an anaphor, meaning that it is substituted by another word but refers to the same noun) is determined by its antecedent where the dependent is peripheral (non-essential) in the secondary constituent, as opposed to a restrictive clause, where the dependent is central (essential) to its primary constituent. A non-restrictive clause does not identify the referent of its noun, but only provides information about it.
Restrictive example:
- The officer helped the civilians who had been shot.
or
- The officer helped those civilians who had been shot.
In this example, there is no comma before "who". Therefore, what follows is a restrictive clause (not all of the civilians had been shot).
Non-restrictive example:
- The officer helped the civilians, who had been shot.
Here, there is a comma before "who". Therefore, what follows is a non-restrictive clause. It changes the sentence to mean that all the civilians had been shot.[1]
See also[edit]
- Relative pronoun
- Relative clause
- English relative clauses
- Apposition
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.unt.edu/cjus/resources/that-which.htm[dead link]
UpToDate Contents
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Japanese Journal
- On Some Differences between Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses and the Parallelism between Head-Internal and Head-External Relative Clauses in Japanese
- Sato Hiromi,佐藤 裕美
- 神奈川大学言語研究 (34), 1-33, 2011
- … In Japanese relative clauses, nonrestrictive clauses have certain properties distinct from those of restrictive clauses. … The paper proposes that the outer layers of the extended projection of NPs are associated with features related to the interface with the discourse, and that the differences between restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses in temporal interpretation and in the occurrence of epistemic modals are attributed to their different merge positions. …
- NAID 40019236680
- The Nonrestrictive Relative That
- Sonoda Kenji
- 保健学研究 19(1), 1-5, 2006
- … Today, normally the relative that is not used in nonrestrictive relative clauses. … Historically, in nonrestrictive clauses, not only which but also that has been used for hundreds of years, but early in the 20th century, using that nonrestrictively ceased to be popular, although writers like D. … The objective of my article is to point out that, despite its limited instances, the nonrestrictive that has been used in much the same way as which. …
- NAID 110006448329
- 高橋 麻衣子
- 甲南女子大学大学院論集. 文学・文化研究編 2, 23-27, 2004-03-18
- … On the other hand, syntactical studies have been done on this matter from the viewpoints of case, antecedent, and use (either restrictive or nonrestrictive). … So, in this thesis, I attempt to formulate and verify the hypothesis that the syntactic proximity between the antecedent and the relative clause influences the selection of the relative pronouns. …
- NAID 110004677330
Related Links
- Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about a preceding subject, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning of that subject. Compare the following examples. Correct Restrictive Use: The suspect in the lineup who has red hair committed ...
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- (条約・法律の)箇条、条項、(保険証券などの)約款。(文法)節。(音)学句
- Most commonly used exclusion clause