WordNet

a trodden path (同)footpath

PrepTutorEJDIC

道,小道(path)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/12 17:46:48」(JST)

wiki en

Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Nigrostriatal pathway can be seen projecting upward from the substantia nigra to the striatum.

The nigrostriatal pathway, or the nigrostriatal bundle (NSB), is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the striatum. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is particularly involved in the production of movement, as part of a system called the basal ganglia motor loop.

Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease,^[1] leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. The symptoms of the disease typically do not show themselves until 80-90% of dopamine function has been lost.

This pathway is also implicated in producing tardive dyskinesia, one of the side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. These medications (in particular the older typical antipsychotics) block D₂ dopamine receptors in multiple pathways in the brain.

The desired clinical effect of reducing psychotic symptoms is thought to be associated with blocking dopamine function in the mesolimbic pathway only. However, as many of these drugs are not selective, they block dopamine in all pathways. When this happens in the nigrostriatal pathway, similar movement problems to those found in Parkinson's disease can occur.

Other dopamine pathways

Other major dopamine pathways include:

mesocortical pathway
mesolimbic pathway
tuberoinfundibular pathway

References

^ Diaz, Jaime. How Drugs Influence Behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1996.

External links

NeuroNames ancil-491
Diagram

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 視神経膠腫 optic pathway glioma
2. パーキンソン病の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of parkinson disease
3. 止血の概要 overview of hemostasis
4. 第VIII因子および第IX因子の生物学と正常な機能 biology and normal function of factor viii and factor ix
5. 補体系の遺伝性疾患 inherited disorders of the complement system

English Journal

Cannabinoid-dopamine interactions in the physiology and physiopathology of the basal ganglia.

García C1,2,3, Palomo-Garo C1,2,3, Gómez-Gálvez Y1,2,3, Fernández-Ruiz J1,2,3.
British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2016 Jul;173(13):2069-79. doi: 10.1111/bph.13215. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
Endocannabinoids and their receptors play a modulatory role in the control of dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia. However, this influence is generally indirect and exerted through the modulation of GABA and glutamate inputs received by nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which lack cannabino
PMID 26059564

IGF-1 protects dopamine neurons against oxidative stress: association with changes in phosphokinases.

Ayadi AE1,2, Zigmond MJ1, Smith AD3,4.
Experimental brain research.Exp Brain Res.2016 Jul;234(7):1863-73. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4572-1. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an endogenous peptide transported across the blood brain barrier that is protective in several brain injury models, including an acute animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor deficits in PD are due largely to the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopam
PMID 26894890

[Effect of 5-HT7 receptor agonist on pyramidal neurons in the medial frontal cortex in a rat model of Parkinson's disease].

Fan LL1, Deng B, Yan JB, Hu ZH, Ren AH, Hu YM, Yang DW.
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University.Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao.2016 Jun 20;36(6):756-62.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activity of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of normal and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and the responses of the neurons to 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 (5-HT7) receptor stimulation.METHODS: The changes in spontaneous firing of the pyramidal neurons in the mPFC
PMID 27320874

Japanese Journal

Hypoprolactinemia and Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Male Schizophrenia or Psychotic Affective Disorder Patients Treated with Aripiprazole

Nakamura Masaru,Nagamine Takahiko
Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Therapeutics 3(0), 18-22, 2012
… These results suggest that aripiprazole could act as a "net antagonist" in the nigrostriatal pathway, and that the development of EPS may be associated with lower prolactin levels in male subjects. … Simultaneously, aripiprazole acts as a strong dose-dependent "net agonist" in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, and causes severe hypoprolactinemia that may be associated with adverse events in aripiprazole monotherapy. …
NAID 130002136724

Reconstruction and quantitative evaluation of dopaminergic innervation of striatal neurons in dissociated primary cultures

Wakita Seiko,Izumi Yasuhiko,Matsuo Takaaki,Kume Toshiaki,Takada-Takatori Yuki,Sawada Hideyuki,Akaike Akinori
Journal of neuroscience methods 192(1), 83-89, 2010-09-30
… Repairing the nigrostriatal pathway is expected to become a future treatment strategy for Parkinson disease. … Our aim is to establish an in vitro model for the quantitative analysis of the nigrostriatal projections of dopaminergic neurons using primary dissociated neruons. … These results indicate that the present method is valuable for evaluating nigrostriatal projections in vitro. …
NAID 120002484968